added new stuff

bin/NLMSsingleweights.c

@@ -0,0 +1,774 @@
+//
+//
+//  NLMSvariants.c
+//
+//  Created by FBRDNLMS on 26.04.18.
+//
+//
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <float.h> // DBL_MAX
+
+#define NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES 1000
+#define WINDOWSIZE 5
+#define tracking 40 //Count of weights
+#define learnrate 0.8
+#define PURE_WEIGHTS 0
+#define USED_WEIGHTS 1
+#define RESULTS 3
+#define DIRECT_PREDECESSOR 2
+#define LOCAL_MEAN 4
+#define TEST_VALUES 5
+#define DIFFERENTIAL_PREDECESSOR 6
+#define RGB_COLOR 255
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#include <BaseTsd.h>
+typedef SSIZE_T ssize_t;
+#endif
+
+//double x[] = { 0.0 };
+double xSamples[NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES] = { 0.0 };
+
+/* *svg graph building* */
+typedef struct {
+	double xVal[7];
+	double yVal[7];
+}point_t;
+
+point_t points[NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]; // [0] = xActual, [1]=xpredicted from localMean, [2]=xpredicted from directPredecessor, [3] = xpredicted from differentialpredecessor, [4] = xError from localMean, [5] xError from directPredecessor, [6] xError from differentialPredecessor
+
+								   /* *ppm read, copy, write* */
+typedef struct {
+	unsigned char red, green, blue;
+}colorChannel_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+	int x, y;
+	colorChannel_t *data;
+}imagePixel_t;
+
+static imagePixel_t * rdPPM(char *fileName); // read PPM file format
+void mkPpmFile(char *fileName, imagePixel_t *image); // writes PPM file
+int ppmColorChannel(FILE* fp, imagePixel_t *image); // writes colorChannel from PPM file to log file
+void colorSamples(FILE* fp); // stores color channel values in xSamples[]
+
+/* *file handling* */
+char * mkFileName(char* buffer, size_t max_len, int suffixId);
+char *fileSuffix(int id);
+void myLogger(FILE* fp, point_t points[]);
+void mkSvgGraph(point_t points[]);
+//void weightsLogger(double *weights, int var);
+/* *rand seed* */
+double r2(void);
+double rndm(void);
+
+/* *math* */
+double sum_array(double x[], int length);
+void directPredecessor(double *weights);
+void localMean(double *weights);
+//void differentialPredecessor(double weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]);
+void differentialPredecessor(double *weights);
+double *popNAN(double *xError, int xErrorLength); //return new array without NAN values
+double windowXMean(int _arraylength, int xCount);
+
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    	double weights[WINDOWSIZE] =  { 0.0 };
+//	double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES];
+	char fileName[50];
+	int i, xLength;	
+	imagePixel_t *image;
+
+	image = rdPPM("beaches.ppm");
+	mkFileName(fileName, sizeof(fileName), TEST_VALUES);
+	FILE* fp5 = fopen(fileName, "w");
+	xLength = ppmColorChannel(fp5, image);
+	printf("%d\n", xLength);
+
+	FILE* fp6 = fopen(fileName, "r");
+	colorSamples(fp6);
+
+	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < WINDOWSIZE; i++) {
+		//_x[i] += ((255.0 / M) * i); // Init test values
+	//	for (int k = 0; k < WINDOWSIZE; k++) {
+			weights[i] = rndm(); // Init weights
+	//	}
+	}
+
+	mkFileName(fileName, sizeof(fileName), PURE_WEIGHTS);
+	// save plain test_array before math magic happens
+	FILE *fp0 = fopen(fileName, "w");
+	for (i = 0; i < WINDOWSIZE; i++) {
+//		for (k = 0; k < WINDOWSIZE; k++) {
+			fprintf(fp0, "[%d]%lf\n", i, weights[i]);
+		}
+//	}
+	fclose(fp0);
+
+
+	// math magic
+/*	for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES; i++){
+       	 for (k = 0; k < WINDOWSIZE; k++){
+            local_weights[k][i] = weights[k][i];
+	    printf("ALT::%f\n", local_weights[k][i]);
+        	}
+	}*/
+	localMean(weights);
+//	memcpy(local_weights, weights, sizeof(double) * WINDOWSIZE * NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES);
+	directPredecessor(weights);
+//	memcpy(local_weights, weights, sizeof(double) * WINDOWSIZE * NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES);
+	differentialPredecessor(weights);
+	mkSvgGraph(points);
+	// save test_array after math magic happened
+	// memset( fileName, '\0', sizeof(fileName) );
+/*	mkFileName(fileName, sizeof(fileName), USED_WEIGHTS);
+	FILE *fp1 = fopen(fileName, "w");
+	for (i = 0; i < tracking; i++) {
+		for (int k = 0; k < WINDOWSIZE; k++) {
+			fprintf(fp1, "[%d][%d] %lf\n", k, i, w[k][i]);
+		}
+
+	}
+	fclose(fp1);
+*/
+	// getchar();
+	printf("\nDONE!\n");
+}
+
+
+/*
+======================================================================================================
+
+localMean
+
+Variant (1/3), substract local mean.
+
+======================================================================================================
+*/
+
+void localMean(double *weights) {	
+	double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE];
+	memcpy(local_weights, weights, sizeof(double) * WINDOWSIZE);
+	char fileName[50];
+	double xError[2048]; // includes e(n)
+	memset(xError, 0.0, NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES);// initialize xError-array with Zero
+	int xCount = 0, i; // runtime var;
+	mkFileName(fileName, sizeof(fileName), LOCAL_MEAN);
+	FILE* fp4 = fopen(fileName, "w");
+	fprintf(fp4, "\n=====================================LocalMean=====================================\n");
+
+	double xMean = xSamples[0];	
+	double xSquared = 0.0;
+	double xPredicted = 0.0;
+	double xActual = 0.0;
+	
+	for (xCount = 1; xCount < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES; xCount++) { // first value will not get predicted
+		//double xPartArray[1000]; //includes all values at the size of runtime var
+		//int _sourceIndex = (xCount > WINDOWSIZE) ? xCount - WINDOWSIZE : xCount;
+		int _arrayLength = ( xCount > WINDOWSIZE ) ? WINDOWSIZE + 1 : xCount;
+		//printf("xCount:%d, length:%d\n", xCount, _arrayLength);
+		xMean = (xCount > 0) ? windowXMean(_arrayLength, xCount) : 0;
+		// printf("WINDOWSIZE:%f\n", windowXMean(_arrayLength, xCount));
+		xPredicted = 0.0;
+		xActual = xSamples[xCount + 1];
+		//	weightedSum += _x[ xCount-1 ] * w[xCount][0];
+
+		for (i = 1; i < _arrayLength; i++) { //get predicted value
+			xPredicted += (local_weights[i] * (xSamples[xCount - i] - xMean));
+
+		}
+		xPredicted += xMean;
+		xError[xCount] = xActual - xPredicted;
+		printf("Pred: %f\t\tActual:%f\n", xPredicted, xActual);
+		points[xCount].xVal[1] = xCount;
+		points[xCount].yVal[1] = xPredicted;
+		points[xCount].xVal[4] = xCount;
+		points[xCount].yVal[4] = xError[xCount];
+
+		xSquared = 0.0;
+		for (i = 1; i < _arrayLength; i++) { //get xSquared
+			xSquared += pow(xSamples[xCount - i] - xMean, 2);
+		//	printf("xSquared:%f\n", xSquared);
+		}
+		if (xSquared == 0.0) { // Otherwise returns Pred: -1.#IND00 in some occassions
+			xSquared = 1.0;
+		}
+		//printf("%f\n", xSquared);
+
+		for (i = 1; i < _arrayLength; i++) { //update weights
+			local_weights[i] = local_weights[i] + learnrate * xError[xCount] * ((xSamples[xCount - i] - xMean) / xSquared);
+		//	printf("NEU::%lf\n", local_weights[i]);
+		}
+		fprintf(fp4, "{%d}.\txPredicted{%f}\txActual{%f}\txError{%f}\n", xCount, xPredicted, xActual, xError[xCount]);
+		
+	}
+	int xErrorLength = sizeof(xError) / sizeof(xError[0]);
+	printf("vor:%d", xErrorLength);
+	popNAN(xError, xErrorLength);
+	printf("nach:%d", xErrorLength);
+	xErrorLength = sizeof(xError) / sizeof(xError[0]);
+	double mean = sum_array(xError, xErrorLength) / xErrorLength;
+	double deviation = 0.0;
+
+	// Mean square
+	for (i = 0; i < xErrorLength - 1; i++) {
+		deviation += pow(xError[i] - mean, 2);
+	}
+	deviation /= xErrorLength;
+
+	// write in file
+	mkFileName(fileName, sizeof(fileName), RESULTS);
+	FILE *fp2 = fopen(fileName, "w");
+	fprintf(fp2, "quadr. Varianz(x_error): {%f}\nMittelwert:(x_error): {%f}\n\n", deviation, mean);
+	fclose(fp2);
+	fclose(fp4);
+	
+//	weightsLogger( local_weights, USED_WEIGHTS );
+	//mkSvgGraph(points);
+	
+}
+
+/*
+======================================================================================================
+
+directPredecessor
+
+Variant (2/3),
+substract direct predecessor
+
+======================================================================================================
+*/
+
+void directPredecessor(double *weights) {
+	double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE];
+	memcpy(local_weights, weights, sizeof(double) * WINDOWSIZE );
+	char fileName[512];
+	double xError[2048];
+	int xCount = 0, i;
+	double xActual = 0.0;
+	double xPredicted = 0.0;
+	// File handling
+	mkFileName(fileName, sizeof(fileName), DIRECT_PREDECESSOR);
+	FILE *fp3 = fopen(fileName, "w");
+	fprintf(fp3, "\n=====================================DirectPredecessor=====================================\n");
+
+
+	for (xCount = 1; xCount < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES; xCount++) { // first value will not get predicted
+		//double xPartArray[1000]; //includes all values at the size of runtime var
+								   //int _sourceIndex = (xCount > WINDOWSIZE) ? xCount - WINDOWSIZE : xCount;
+		int _arrayLength = (xCount > WINDOWSIZE) ? WINDOWSIZE + 1 : xCount;
+		//printf("xCount:%d, length:%d\n", xCount, _arrayLength);
+		// printf("WINDOWSIZE:%f\n", windowXMean(_arrayLength, xCount));
+		xPredicted = 0.0;
+		xActual = xSamples[xCount + 1];
+		//	weightedSum += _x[ xCount-1 ] * w[xCount][0];
+
+		for (i = 1; i < _arrayLength; i++) {
+			xPredicted += (local_weights[i] * (xSamples[xCount - 1] - xSamples[xCount - i - 1]));
+		}
+		xPredicted += xSamples[xCount - 1];
+		xError[xCount] = xActual - xPredicted;
+
+		fprintf(fp3, "{%d}.\txPredicted{%f}\txActual{%f}\txError{%f}\n", xCount, xPredicted, xActual, xError[xCount]);
+		points[xCount].xVal[2] = xCount;
+		points[xCount].yVal[2] = xPredicted;
+		points[xCount].xVal[5] = xCount;
+		points[xCount].yVal[5] = xError[xCount];
+
+		double xSquared = 0.0;
+
+		for (i = 1; i < _arrayLength; i++) {
+			xSquared += pow(xSamples[xCount - 1] - xSamples[xCount - i - 1], 2); // substract direct predecessor
+		}
+		for (i = 1; i < _arrayLength; i++) {
+			local_weights[i] = local_weights[i] + learnrate * xError[xCount] * ( (xSamples[xCount - 1] - xSamples[xCount - i - 1]) / xSquared);
+		}
+	}
+
+	int xErrorLength = sizeof(xError) / sizeof(xError[0]);
+	printf("vor:%d", xErrorLength);
+	popNAN(xError, xErrorLength);
+	printf("nach:%d", xErrorLength);
+	xErrorLength = sizeof(xError) / sizeof(xError[0]);
+	double mean = sum_array(xError, xErrorLength) / xErrorLength;
+	double deviation = 0.0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < xErrorLength - 1; i++) {
+		deviation += pow(xError[i] - mean, 2);
+	}
+	deviation /= xErrorLength;
+
+//	mkSvgGraph(points);
+	fprintf(fp3, "{%d}.\tLeast Mean Squared{%f}\tMean{%f}\n\n", xCount, deviation, mean);
+
+	fclose(fp3);
+}
+
+
+/*
+======================================================================================================
+
+differentialPredecessor
+
+variant (3/3),
+differenital predecessor.
+
+======================================================================================================
+*/
+void differentialPredecessor(double *weights) {
+	double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE];
+	memcpy(local_weights, weights, sizeof(double) * WINDOWSIZE );
+	char fileName[512];
+	double xError[2048];
+	int xCount = 0, i;
+	double xPredicted = 0.0;
+	double xActual = 0.0;
+
+	// File handling
+	mkFileName(fileName, sizeof(fileName), DIFFERENTIAL_PREDECESSOR);
+	FILE *fp6 = fopen(fileName, "w");
+	fprintf(fp6, "\n=====================================DifferentialPredecessor=====================================\n");
+
+		for (xCount = 1; xCount < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES; xCount++) { // first value will not get predicted
+		xActual = xSamples[xCount +1];	
+		xPredicted = 0.0;
+		int _arrayLength = (xCount > WINDOWSIZE) ? WINDOWSIZE + 1 : xCount;
+
+		for (i = 1; i < _arrayLength; i++) {
+			xPredicted += (local_weights[i] * (xSamples[xCount - i] - xSamples[xCount - i - 1]));
+		}
+		xPredicted += xSamples[xCount - 1];
+		xError[xCount] = xActual - xPredicted;
+
+		fprintf(fp6, "{%d}.\txPredicted{%f}\txActual{%f}\txError{%f}\n", xCount, xPredicted, xSamples[xCount], xError[xCount]);
+		points[xCount].xVal[3] = xCount;
+		points[xCount].yVal[3] = xPredicted;
+		points[xCount].xVal[6] = xCount;
+		points[xCount].yVal[6] = xError[xCount];
+		double xSquared = 0.0;
+
+		for (i = 1; i < _arrayLength; i++) {
+			xSquared += pow(xSamples[xCount - i] - xSamples[xCount - i - 1], 2); // substract direct predecessor
+		}
+		if (xSquared == 0.0 ){
+			xSquared = 1.0;
+		}
+
+		for (i = 1; i < _arrayLength; i++) {
+			local_weights[i] = local_weights[i] + learnrate * xError[xCount] * ((xSamples[xCount - i] - xSamples[xCount - i - 1]) / xSquared);
+			printf("NEU::%lf\n", local_weights[i]);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	int xErrorLength = sizeof(xError) / sizeof(xError[0]);
+	printf("vor:%d", xErrorLength);
+	popNAN(xError, xErrorLength);
+	printf("nach:%d", xErrorLength);
+	xErrorLength = sizeof(xError) / sizeof(xError[0]);
+	double mean = sum_array(xError, xErrorLength) / xErrorLength;
+	double deviation = 0.0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < xErrorLength - 1; i++) {
+		deviation += pow(xError[i] - mean, 2);
+	}
+	deviation /= xErrorLength;
+
+	//mkSvgGraph(points);
+	fprintf(fp6, "{%d}.\tLeast Mean Squared{%f}\tMean{%f}\n\n", xCount, deviation, mean);
+
+	fclose(fp6);
+
+
+}
+
+
+/*
+======================================================================================================
+
+mkFileName
+
+Writes the current date plus the suffix with index suffixId
+into the given buffer. If the total length is longer than max_len,
+only max_len characters will be written.
+
+======================================================================================================
+
+*/
+
+char *mkFileName(char* buffer, size_t max_len, int suffixId) {
+	const char * format_str = "%Y-%m-%d_%H_%M_%S";
+	size_t date_len;
+	const char * suffix = fileSuffix(suffixId);
+	time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+	strftime(buffer, max_len, format_str, localtime(&now));
+	date_len = strlen(buffer);
+	strncat(buffer, suffix, max_len - date_len);
+	return buffer;
+}
+
+
+/*
+======================================================================================================
+
+fileSuffix
+
+Contains and returns every suffix for all existing filenames
+
+======================================================================================================
+*/
+
+char * fileSuffix(int id) {
+	char * suffix[] = { "_weights_pure.txt", "_weights_used.txt", "_direct_predecessor.txt", "_ergebnisse.txt", "_localMean.txt","_testvalues.txt", "_differential_predecessor.txt" };
+	return suffix[id];
+}
+
+
+/*
+======================================================================================================
+
+myLogger
+
+Logs x,y points to svg graph
+
+======================================================================================================
+*/
+/*
+void weightsLogger (double weights[WINDOWSIZE], int val ) {
+	char fileName[512];
+	int i;
+	mkFileName(fileName, sizeof(fileName), val);
+	FILE* fp = fopen(fileName, "wa");
+	for (i = 0; i < WINDOWSIZE; i++) {
+	//	for (int k = 0; k < WINDOWSIZE; k++) {
+			fprintf(fp, "[%d]%lf\n", i, weights[i]);
+	//	}
+	}
+	fprintf(fp,"\n\n\n\n=====================NEXT=====================\n");
+	fclose(fp);
+}
+*/	
+
+void bufferLogger(char *buffer, point_t points[]) {
+	int i;
+	char _buffer[512] = "";
+
+	for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES - 1; i++) { // xActual
+		sprintf(_buffer, "L %f %f\n", points[i].xVal[0], points[i].yVal[0]);
+		strcat(buffer, _buffer);
+	}
+	strcat(buffer, "\" fill=\"none\" id=\"svg_1\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"0.4px\"/>\n<path d=\"M0 0\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES - 1; i++) { // xPrediceted from localMean
+		sprintf(_buffer, "L %f %f\n", points[i].xVal[1], points[i].yVal[1]);
+		strcat(buffer, _buffer);
+	}
+	strcat(buffer, "\" fill=\"none\" id=\"svg_2\" stroke=\"green\" stroke-width=\"0.4px\"/>\n<path d=\"M0 0\n");
+	for (i = 0; i <= NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES - 1; i++) { //xPreddicted from directPredecessor
+		sprintf(_buffer, "L %f %f\n", points[i].xVal[2], points[i].yVal[2]);
+		strcat(buffer, _buffer);
+	}
+	strcat(buffer, "\" fill=\"none\" id=\"svg_3\" stroke=\"blue\" stroke-width=\"0.4px\"/>\n<path d=\"M0 0\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES - 1; i++) { //xPredicted from diff Pred
+		sprintf(_buffer, "L %f %f\n", points[i].xVal[3], points[i].xVal[3]);
+		strcat(buffer, _buffer);
+	}
+	strcat(buffer, "\" fill=\"none\" id=\"svg_4\" stroke=\"blue\" stroke-width=\"0.4px\"/>\n");
+}
+
+
+/*
+======================================================================================================
+
+sum_array
+
+Sum of all elements in x within a defined length
+
+======================================================================================================
+*/
+
+double sum_array(double x[], int xlength) {
+	int i = 0;
+	double sum = 0.0;
+
+	if (xlength != 0) {
+		for (i = 0; i < xlength; i++) {
+			sum += x[i];
+		}
+	}
+	return sum;
+}
+
+
+/*
+======================================================================================================
+
+popNanLength
+
+returns length of new array without NAN values
+
+======================================================================================================
+*/
+
+double *popNAN(double *xError, int xErrorLength) {
+	int i, counter;
+	double *tmp = NULL;
+	double *more_tmp = NULL;
+ 	//tmp = realloc( noNAN, xErrorLength * sizeof(double) );
+
+	for ( i = 0; i < xErrorLength; i++ ) {
+		counter ++;
+		more_tmp = (double *) realloc ( tmp, counter*(sizeof(double) ));
+			if ( !isnan(xError[i]) ) {
+				tmp = more_tmp;
+				tmp[counter - 1] = xError[i];
+				 
+			}
+	}
+
+/*	for (i = 0; i < xErrorLength; i++) {
+		if (!isnan(xError[i])) {
+			tmp[i] = xError[i];
+			counter++;
+		}
+	}
+*/
+	//realloc(noNAN, counter * sizeof(double));
+	//int tmpLength = sizeof(noNAN) / sizeof(noNAN[0]);
+	//memcpy(xError, tmp, tmpLength);
+	//return xError;
+	return tmp;
+
+}
+/*
+======================================================================================================
+
+r2
+
+returns a random double value between 0 and 1
+
+======================================================================================================
+*/
+
+double r2(void) {
+	return((rand() % 10000) / 10000.0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+======================================================================================================
+
+rndm
+
+fills a double variable with random value and returns it
+
+======================================================================================================
+*/
+
+double rndm(void) {
+	double rndmval = r2();
+	return rndmval;
+}
+
+
+/*
+======================================================================================================
+
+mkSvgGraph
+
+parses template.svg and writes results in said template
+
+======================================================================================================
+*/
+
+void mkSvgGraph(point_t points[]) {
+	FILE *input = fopen("graphResults_template.html", "r");
+	FILE *target = fopen("graphResults.html", "w");
+	char line[512];
+	char firstGraph[15] = { "<path d=\"M0 0" };
+
+	if (input == NULL) {
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	char buffer[131072] = "";
+
+	memset(buffer, '\0', sizeof(buffer));
+	while (!feof(input)) {
+		fgets(line, 512, input);
+		strncat(buffer, line, strlen(line));
+		//	printf("%s\n", line);
+		if (strstr(line, firstGraph) != NULL) {
+			bufferLogger(buffer, points);
+		}
+
+	}
+	fprintf(target, buffer);
+	//puts(buffer);
+}
+
+
+/*
+======================================================================================================
+
+rdPPM
+
+reads data from file of type PPM, stores colorchannels in a struct in the
+size of given picture
+
+======================================================================================================
+*/
+
+static imagePixel_t *rdPPM(char *fileName) {
+	char buffer[16];
+	imagePixel_t *image;
+	int c, rgbColor;
+
+	FILE *fp = fopen(fileName, "rb");
+	if (!fp) {
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+	if (!fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fp)) {
+		perror(fileName);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+	if (buffer[0] != 'P' || buffer[1] != '6') {
+		fprintf(stderr, "No PPM file format\n");
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+	image = (imagePixel_t *)malloc(sizeof(imagePixel_t));
+	if (!image) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "malloc() failed");
+	}
+	c = getc(fp);
+	while (c == '#') {
+		while (getc(fp) != '\n');
+		c = getc(fp);
+	}
+	ungetc(c, fp);
+	if (fscanf(fp, "%d %d", &image->x, &image->y) != 2) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Invalid image size in %s\n", fileName);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+	if (fscanf(fp, "%d", &rgbColor) != 1) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Invalid rgb component in %s\n", fileName);
+	}
+	if (rgbColor != RGB_COLOR) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Invalid image color range in %s\n", fileName);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+	while (fgetc(fp) != '\n');
+	image->data = (colorChannel_t *)malloc(image->x * image->y * sizeof(imagePixel_t));
+	if (!image) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "malloc() failed");
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+	if (fread(image->data, 3 * image->x, image->y, fp) != image->y) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Loading image failed");
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+	fclose(fp);
+	return image;
+}
+
+
+/*
+======================================================================================================
+
+mkPpmFile
+
+gets output from the result of rdPpmFile and writes a new PPM file. Best Case is a
+carbon copy of the source image. Build for debugging
+
+======================================================================================================
+*/
+
+void mkPpmFile(char *fileName, imagePixel_t *image) {
+	FILE* fp = fopen(fileName, "wb");
+	if (!fp) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Opening file failed.");
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+	fprintf(fp, "P6\n");
+	fprintf(fp, "%d %d\n", image->x, image->y);
+	fprintf(fp, "%d\n", RGB_COLOR);
+	fwrite(image->data, 3 * image->x, image->y, fp);
+	fclose(fp);
+}
+
+
+/*
+======================================================================================================
+
+ppmColorChannel
+
+gets one of the rgb color channels and writes them to a file
+
+======================================================================================================
+*/
+
+int ppmColorChannel(FILE* fp, imagePixel_t *image) {
+	//	int length = 1000; // (image->x * image->y) / 3;
+	int i = 0;
+
+	if (image) {
+		for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES - 1; i++) {
+			fprintf(fp, "%d\n", image->data[i].green);
+		}
+	}
+	fclose(fp);
+	return NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES;
+}
+
+
+/*
+======================================================================================================
+
+colorSamples
+
+reads colorChannel values from file and stores them in xSamples as well as points datatype for
+creating the SVG graph
+
+======================================================================================================
+*/
+void colorSamples(FILE* fp) {
+	int i = 0;	
+	char  buffer[NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES];
+
+	while (!feof(fp)) {
+		if (fgets(buffer, NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES, fp) != NULL) {
+			sscanf(buffer, "%lf", &xSamples[i]);
+			//printf("%lf\n", xSamples[i] );
+			points[i].yVal[0] = xSamples[i];
+			points[i].xVal[0] = i;
+			++i;
+		}
+	}
+	fclose(fp);
+}
+
+double windowXMean(int _arraylength, int xCount) {
+	double sum = 0.0;
+	double *ptr;
+	// printf("*window\t\t*base\t\txMean\n\n");
+	for (ptr = &xSamples[xCount - _arraylength]; ptr != &xSamples[xCount]; ptr++) { //set ptr to beginning of window
+	//window = xCount - _arraylength
+	//base = window - _arraylength;
+	//sum = 0.0;
+	//for( count = 0; count < _arraylength; count++){
+	sum += *ptr;
+	//	printf("%f\n", *base);
+
+		//}
+	}
+	//printf("\n%lf\t%lf\t%lf\n", *ptr, *ptr2, (sum/(double)WINDOW));
+	return sum / (double)_arraylength;
+}
+
+

bin/NLMSvariants.c

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <float.h> // DBL_MAX
 
-#define NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES 1000
+#define NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES 500
 #define WINDOWSIZE 5
 #define tracking 40 //Count of weights
 #define learnrate 0.8
@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@ typedef SSIZE_T ssize_t;
 //double x[] = { 0.0 };
 double xSamples[NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES] = { 0.0 };
 
-
-
 /* *svg graph building* */
 typedef struct {
 	double xVal[7];
@@ -58,35 +56,35 @@ void mkPpmFile(char *fileName, imagePixel_t *image); // writes PPM file
 int ppmColorChannel(FILE* fp, imagePixel_t *image); // writes colorChannel from PPM file to log file
 void colorSamples(FILE* fp); // stores color channel values in xSamples[]
 
-							 /* *file handling* */
+/* *file handling* */
 char * mkFileName(char* buffer, size_t max_len, int suffixId);
 char *fileSuffix(int id);
 void myLogger(FILE* fp, point_t points[]);
 void mkSvgGraph(point_t points[]);
-
+//void weightsLogger(double *weights, int var);
 /* *rand seed* */
 double r2(void);
 double rndm(void);
 
 /* *math* */
 double sum_array(double x[], int length);
-void directPredecessor(double localweights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]);
+void directPredecessor(double weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]);
-void localMean(double localweights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]);
+void localMean(double weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]);
-void differentialPredecessor(double localweights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]);
+void differentialPredecessor(double weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]);
-double *popNAN(double *xError, int xErrorLength); //return new array without NAN values
+//void differentialPredecessor(double *weights);
+double *popNAN(double *xError); //return new array without NAN values
 double windowXMean(int _arraylength, int xCount);
 
 
-int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+//int main(int argc, char **argv) {
-    double w[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES] = { { 0.0 },{ 0.0 } };
+int main( void ) {
-	double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES];
+    	double weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]; // = { { 0.0 }, {0.0} };
+//	double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES];
 	char fileName[50];
-	int i, k, xLength;
+	int i,k, xLength;	
-	int *colorChannel;
 	imagePixel_t *image;
 
-
+	image = rdPPM("beaches.ppm");
-	image = rdPPM("cow.ppm");
 	mkFileName(fileName, sizeof(fileName), TEST_VALUES);
 	FILE* fp5 = fopen(fileName, "w");
 	xLength = ppmColorChannel(fp5, image);
@@ -98,47 +96,39 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
 	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
 
 	for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES; i++) {
-		//		_x[i] += ((255.0 / M) * i); // Init test values
+		//_x[i] += ((255.0 / M) * i); // Init test values
 		for (int k = 0; k < WINDOWSIZE; k++) {
-			w[k][i] = rndm(); // Init weights
+			weights[k][i] = rndm(); // Init weights
 		}
 	}
 
 	mkFileName(fileName, sizeof(fileName), PURE_WEIGHTS);
 	// save plain test_array before math magic happens
 	FILE *fp0 = fopen(fileName, "w");
-	for (i = 0; i <= tracking; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < tracking; i++) {
 		for (k = 0; k < WINDOWSIZE; k++) {
-			fprintf(fp0, "[%d][%d] %lf\n", k, i, w[k][i]);
+			fprintf(fp0, "[%d][%d]%lf\n", k, i, weights[k][i]);
 		}
 	}
 	fclose(fp0);
 
 
 	// math magic
-	for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES; i++){
+/*	for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES; i++){
-        for (k = 0; k < WINDOWSIZE; k++){
+       	 for (k = 0; k < WINDOWSIZE; k++){
-            local_weights[k][i] = w[k][i];
+            local_weights[k][i] = weights[k][i];
-        }
+	    printf("ALT::%f\n", local_weights[k][i]);
-	}
+        	}
-	localMean(local_weights);
+	}*/
-
+	localMean(weights);
-		for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES; i++){
+//	memcpy(local_weights, weights, sizeof(double) * WINDOWSIZE * NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES);
-        for (k = 0; k < WINDOWSIZE; k++){
+//	directPredecessor(weights);
-            local_weights[k][i] = w[k][i];
+//	memcpy(local_weights, weights, sizeof(double) * WINDOWSIZE * NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES);
-        }
+//	differentialPredecessor(weights);
-	}
-	//directPredecessor(local_weights);
-		for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES; i++){
-        for (k = 0; k < WINDOWSIZE; k++){
-            local_weights[k][i] = w[k][i];
-        }
-	}
-	//differentialPredecessor(local_weights);
 	mkSvgGraph(points);
 	// save test_array after math magic happened
 	// memset( fileName, '\0', sizeof(fileName) );
-	mkFileName(fileName, sizeof(fileName), USED_WEIGHTS);
+/*	mkFileName(fileName, sizeof(fileName), USED_WEIGHTS);
 	FILE *fp1 = fopen(fileName, "w");
 	for (i = 0; i < tracking; i++) {
 		for (int k = 0; k < WINDOWSIZE; k++) {
@@ -147,10 +137,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
 
 	}
 	fclose(fp1);
-
+*/
 	// getchar();
-	printf("DONE!");
+	printf("\nDONE!\n");
-
 }
 
 
@@ -164,8 +153,11 @@ Variant (1/3), substract local mean.
 ======================================================================================================
 */
 
-void localMean(double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]) {
+void localMean(double weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]) {	
-
+	//double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES];
+	double (*local_weights)[WINDOWSIZE] = malloc(sizeof(double) * (WINDOWSIZE+1) * (NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES+1));
+//	double *local_weights[WINDOWSIZE];
+	memcpy(local_weights, weights, sizeof(double) * WINDOWSIZE * NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES);
 	char fileName[50];
 	double xError[2048]; // includes e(n)
 	memset(xError, 0.0, NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES);// initialize xError-array with Zero
@@ -174,18 +166,15 @@ void localMean(double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]) {
 	FILE* fp4 = fopen(fileName, "w");
 	fprintf(fp4, "\n=====================================LocalMean=====================================\n");
 
-	double xMean = xSamples[0];
+	double xMean = xSamples[0];	
-	double weightedSum = 0.0;
-	double filterOutput = 0.0;
 	double xSquared = 0.0;
 	double xPredicted = 0.0;
 	double xActual = 0.0;
-
+	
-
 	for (xCount = 1; xCount < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES; xCount++) { // first value will not get predicted
 		//double xPartArray[1000]; //includes all values at the size of runtime var
-								   //int _sourceIndex = (xCount > WINDOWSIZE) ? xCount - WINDOWSIZE : xCount;
+		//int _sourceIndex = (xCount > WINDOWSIZE) ? xCount - WINDOWSIZE : xCount;
-		int _arrayLength = (xCount > WINDOWSIZE) ? WINDOWSIZE + 1 : xCount;
+		int _arrayLength = ( xCount > WINDOWSIZE ) ? WINDOWSIZE + 1 : xCount;
 		//printf("xCount:%d, length:%d\n", xCount, _arrayLength);
 		xMean = (xCount > 0) ? windowXMean(_arrayLength, xCount) : 0;
 		// printf("WINDOWSIZE:%f\n", windowXMean(_arrayLength, xCount));
@@ -199,7 +188,7 @@ void localMean(double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]) {
 		}
 		xPredicted += xMean;
 		xError[xCount] = xActual - xPredicted;
-		printf("Pred: %f\t\tActual:%f\n", xPredicted, xActual);
+	//	printf("Pred: %f\t\tActual:%f\n", xPredicted, xActual);
 		points[xCount].xVal[1] = xCount;
 		points[xCount].yVal[1] = xPredicted;
 		points[xCount].xVal[4] = xCount;
@@ -207,31 +196,32 @@ void localMean(double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]) {
 
 		xSquared = 0.0;
 		for (i = 1; i < _arrayLength; i++) { //get xSquared
-											 //xSquared += pow(xSamples[xCount - i], 2);
 			xSquared += pow(xSamples[xCount - i] - xMean, 2);
-			printf("xSquared:%f\n", xSquared);
+		//	printf("xSquared:%f\n", xSquared);
 		}
-		if (xSquared == 0.0) { // returns Pred: -1.#IND00
+		if (xSquared == 0.0) { // Otherwise returns Pred: -1.#IND00 in some occassions
 			xSquared = 1.0;
 		}
 		//printf("%f\n", xSquared);
 		for (i = 1; i < _arrayLength; i++) { //update weights
-			local_weights[i][xCount + 1] = local_weights[i][xCount] + learnrate * xError[xCount] * ((xSamples[xCount - i] - xMean) / xSquared);
+			local_weights[i][xCount+1] = local_weights[i][xCount] + learnrate * xError[xCount] * ((xSamples[xCount - i] - xMean) / xSquared);
+		//	printf("NEU::%lf\n", local_weights[i][xCount]);
 		}
 
 		fprintf(fp4, "{%d}.\txPredicted{%f}\txActual{%f}\txError{%f}\n", xCount, xPredicted, xActual, xError[xCount]);
 
 	}
-/*	int xErrorLength = sizeof(xError) / sizeof(xError[0]);
+//	int xErrorLength = sizeof(xError) / sizeof(xError[0]);
-	printf("vor:%d", xErrorLength);
+//	printf("vor:%d", xErrorLength);
-	popNAN(xError, xErrorLength);
+	popNAN(xError); // delete NAN values from xError[]
-	printf("nach:%d", xErrorLength);
+//	printf("%lf", xError[499]);
-	xErrorLength = sizeof(xError) / sizeof(xError[0]);
+	double  xErrorLength = xError[0]; // Watch popNAN()!
+	printf("Xerrorl:%lf", xErrorLength);
 	double mean = sum_array(xError, xErrorLength) / xErrorLength;
 	double deviation = 0.0;
 
 	// Mean square
-	for (i = 0; i < xErrorLength - 1; i++) {
+	for (i = 1; i < xErrorLength; i++) {
 		deviation += pow(xError[i] - mean, 2);
 	}
 	deviation /= xErrorLength;
@@ -241,9 +231,12 @@ void localMean(double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]) {
 	FILE *fp2 = fopen(fileName, "w");
 	fprintf(fp2, "quadr. Varianz(x_error): {%f}\nMittelwert:(x_error): {%f}\n\n", deviation, mean);
 	fclose(fp2);
+	free(local_weights);
 	fclose(fp4);
-	*/
+	
-	//mkSvgGraph(points);
+//	weightsLogger( local_weights, USED_WEIGHTS );
+	mkSvgGraph(points);
+	
 }
 
 /*
@@ -257,12 +250,16 @@ substract direct predecessor
 ======================================================================================================
 */
 
-void directPredecessor(double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]) {
+void directPredecessor(double weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]) {
+	double (*local_weights)[WINDOWSIZE] = malloc(sizeof(double) * (WINDOWSIZE+1) * (NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES+1));
+
+//	double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES];
+	memcpy(local_weights, weights, sizeof(double) * WINDOWSIZE * NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES );
 	char fileName[512];
 	double xError[2048];
 	int xCount = 0, i;
 	double xActual = 0.0;
-	int xPredicted = 0.0;
+	double xPredicted = 0.0;
 	// File handling
 	mkFileName(fileName, sizeof(fileName), DIRECT_PREDECESSOR);
 	FILE *fp3 = fopen(fileName, "w");
@@ -297,13 +294,13 @@ void directPredecessor(double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]) {
 			xSquared += pow(xSamples[xCount - 1] - xSamples[xCount - i - 1], 2); // substract direct predecessor
 		}
 		for (i = 1; i < _arrayLength; i++) {
-			local_weights[i][xCount + 1] = local_weights[i][xCount] + learnrate * xError[xCount] * ( (xSamples[xCount - 1] - xSamples[xCount - i - 1]) / xSquared);
+			local_weights[i][xCount+1] = local_weights[i][xCount] + learnrate * xError[xCount] * ( (xSamples[xCount - 1] - xSamples[xCount - i - 1]) / xSquared);
 		}
 	}
-/*
+
 	int xErrorLength = sizeof(xError) / sizeof(xError[0]);
 	printf("vor:%d", xErrorLength);
-	popNAN(xError, xErrorLength);
+	popNAN(xError);
 	printf("nach:%d", xErrorLength);
 	xErrorLength = sizeof(xError) / sizeof(xError[0]);
 	double mean = sum_array(xError, xErrorLength) / xErrorLength;
@@ -316,7 +313,7 @@ void directPredecessor(double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]) {
 
 //	mkSvgGraph(points);
 	fprintf(fp3, "{%d}.\tLeast Mean Squared{%f}\tMean{%f}\n\n", xCount, deviation, mean);
-	*/
+
 	fclose(fp3);
 }
 
@@ -331,8 +328,11 @@ differenital predecessor.
 
 ======================================================================================================
 */
-void differentialPredecessor(double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]) {
+void differentialPredecessor(double weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]) {
+//	double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES];	
+	double (*local_weights)[WINDOWSIZE] = malloc(sizeof(double) * (WINDOWSIZE+1) * (NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES+1));
 
+	memcpy(local_weights, weights, sizeof(double) * WINDOWSIZE * NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES );
 	char fileName[512];
 	double xError[2048];
 	int xCount = 0, i;
@@ -347,7 +347,8 @@ void differentialPredecessor(double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]
 		for (xCount = 1; xCount < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES; xCount++) { // first value will not get predicted
 
 		int _arrayLength = (xCount > WINDOWSIZE) ? WINDOWSIZE + 1 : xCount;
-		double xPredicted = 0.0;
+		xPredicted = 0.0;
+		xActual = xSamples[xCount + 1];
 
 		for (i = 1; i < _arrayLength; i++) {
 			xPredicted += (local_weights[i][xCount] * (xSamples[xCount - i] - xSamples[xCount - i - 1]));
@@ -366,13 +367,13 @@ void differentialPredecessor(double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]
 			xSquared += pow(xSamples[xCount - i] - xSamples[xCount - i - 1], 2); // substract direct predecessor
 		}
 		for (i = 1; i < _arrayLength; i++) {
-			local_weights[i][xCount + 1] = local_weights[i][xCount] + learnrate * xError[xCount] * ((xSamples[xCount - i] - xSamples[xCount - i - 1]) / xSquared);
+			local_weights[i][xCount+1] = local_weights[i][xCount] + learnrate * xError[xCount] * ((xSamples[xCount - i] - xSamples[xCount - i - 1]) / xSquared);
 		}
 	}
-/*
+
 	int xErrorLength = sizeof(xError) / sizeof(xError[0]);
 	printf("vor:%d", xErrorLength);
-	popNAN(xError, xErrorLength);
+	popNAN(xError);
 	printf("nach:%d", xErrorLength);
 	xErrorLength = sizeof(xError) / sizeof(xError[0]);
 	double mean = sum_array(xError, xErrorLength) / xErrorLength;
@@ -385,7 +386,7 @@ void differentialPredecessor(double local_weights[WINDOWSIZE][NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES]
 
 	//mkSvgGraph(points);
 	fprintf(fp6, "{%d}.\tLeast Mean Squared{%f}\tMean{%f}\n\n", xCount, deviation, mean);
-*/
+
 	fclose(fp6);
 
 
@@ -443,6 +444,22 @@ Logs x,y points to svg graph
 
 ======================================================================================================
 */
+
+void weightsLogger (double weights[WINDOWSIZE], int val ) {
+	char fileName[512];
+	int i;
+	mkFileName(fileName, sizeof(fileName), val);
+	FILE* fp = fopen(fileName, "wa");
+	for (i = 0; i < WINDOWSIZE; i++) {
+	//	for (int k = 0; k < WINDOWSIZE; k++) {
+			fprintf(fp, "[%d]%lf\n", i, weights[i]);
+	//	}
+	}
+	fprintf(fp,"\n\n\n\n=====================NEXT=====================\n");
+	fclose(fp);
+}
+	
+
 void bufferLogger(char *buffer, point_t points[]) {
 	int i;
 	char _buffer[512] = "";
@@ -503,21 +520,32 @@ returns length of new array without NAN values
 ======================================================================================================
 */
 
-double *popNAN(double *xError, int xErrorLength) {
+double *popNAN(double *xError) {
-	int i, counter;
+	int i, counter = 1; 
-	double noNAN[10];
+	double tmpLength = 0.0;
-	realloc(noNAN, xErrorLength);
+	double *tmp = NULL;
+	double *more_tmp = NULL;
+	
+//	printf("LENGTH: %d", xErrorLength);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < xErrorLength; i++) {
+	for ( i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES; i++ ) {
-		if (!isnan(xError[i])) {
+		counter ++;
-			noNAN[i] = xError[i];
+		more_tmp = (double *) realloc ( tmp, counter*(sizeof(double) ));
-			counter++;
+			if ( !isnan(xError[i]) ) {
-		}
+				tmp = more_tmp;
+				tmp[counter - 1] = xError[i];
+				printf("xERROR:%lf\n", tmp[counter - 1]);
+				tmpLength++; 
+			}
 	}
-	realloc(noNAN, counter * sizeof(double));
+	counter += 1;
-	int noNANLength = sizeof(noNAN) / sizeof(noNAN[0]);
+	more_tmp = (double *) realloc ( tmp, counter * sizeof(double) );
-	memcpy(xError, noNAN, noNANLength);
+	tmp = more_tmp;
-	return xError;
+	tmp = &tmpLength; // Length of array has to be stored in tmp[0], 
+				    // Cause length is needed later on in the math functions.
+				    // xError counting has to begin with 1 in the other functions !
+	printf("tmpLength in tmp:%lf, %lf\n", tmp[counter-2], *tmp);
+	return tmp;
 
 }
 /*
@@ -562,8 +590,8 @@ parses template.svg and writes results in said template
 */
 
 void mkSvgGraph(point_t points[]) {
-	FILE *input = fopen("GraphResults_template.html", "r");
+	FILE *input = fopen("graphResults_template.html", "r");
-	FILE *target = fopen("GraphResults.html", "w");
+	FILE *target = fopen("graphResults.html", "w");
 	char line[512];
 	char firstGraph[15] = { "<path d=\"M0 0" };
 
@@ -712,9 +740,7 @@ creating the SVG graph
 ======================================================================================================
 */
 void colorSamples(FILE* fp) {
-	int i = 0;
+	int i = 0;	
-	int d, out;
-	double f;
 	char  buffer[NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES];
 
 	while (!feof(fp)) {
@@ -730,20 +756,21 @@ void colorSamples(FILE* fp) {
 }
 
 double windowXMean(int _arraylength, int xCount) {
-	int count;
 	double sum = 0.0;
 	double *ptr;
 	// printf("*window\t\t*base\t\txMean\n\n");
 	for (ptr = &xSamples[xCount - _arraylength]; ptr != &xSamples[xCount]; ptr++) { //set ptr to beginning of window
-																					//window = xCount - _arraylength
+	//window = xCount - _arraylength
-																					//base = window - _arraylength;
+	//base = window - _arraylength;
-																					//sum = 0.0;
+	//sum = 0.0;
-																					//for( count = 0; count < _arraylength; count++){
+	//for( count = 0; count < _arraylength; count++){
-		sum += *ptr;
+	sum += *ptr;
-		//	printf("%f\n", *base);
+	//	printf("%f\n", *base);
 
 		//}
 	}
 	//printf("\n%lf\t%lf\t%lf\n", *ptr, *ptr2, (sum/(double)WINDOW));
 	return sum / (double)_arraylength;
 }
+
+