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<div class="column column-3">
<ul>
<li><a href="#snort">Snort</a><ul>
<li><a href="#data-aquisition-modules">Data Aquisition Modules</a></li>
<li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul>
<li><a href="#sniffing">Sniffing</a></li>
<li><a href="#packet-logger">Packet Logger</a></li>
<li><a href="#ids-and-ips">IDS and IPS</a></li>
<li><a href="#pcaps">PCAPs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rules">Rules</a><ul>
<li><a href="#detection-rules">Detection Rules</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h1 id="snort">Snort</h1>
<p>Comprised of <strong>packet decoder</strong>, <strong>pre processor</strong>, <strong>detection engine</strong>, <strong>logging and alerting</strong>, <strong>output and plugins</strong></p>
<h2 id="data-aquisition-modules">Data Aquisition Modules</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Pcap</strong>, default</li>
<li><strong>Afpacket</strong>, inline mode, IPS</li>
<li><strong>Ipq</strong>, uses netfilter on linux</li>
<li><strong>Nfq</strong>, inline mode on linux</li>
<li><strong>Ipfw</strong>, inline mode on BSD </li>
<li><strong>Dump</strong>, test mode</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="usage">Usage</h2>
<ul>
<li>Check config, and run tests via</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>snort -c &lt;config&gt; -T
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="sniffing">Sniffing</h3>
<p>| Parameter | Description |
+-----------+-------------+
| -v | Verbose. Display the TCP/IP output in the console.|
| -d | Display the packet data (payload).|
| -e | Display the link-layer (TCP/IP/UDP/ICMP) headers. |
| -X | Display the full packet details in HEX.|
| -i | Liste on interface |</p>
<h3 id="packet-logger">Packet Logger</h3>
<ul>
<li>Logged by IP as directory, ports as files inside these dirs</li>
<li>BPF filter can be used like <code>tcp port 80</code></li>
<li>Log files can be opened by wireshark or <code>tcpdump -r &lt;logfile&gt;</code></li>
</ul>
<p>| Parameter | Description |
|-----------|-------------|
| -l | Logger mode, target log and alert output directory. Default output folder is tcpdump to /var/log/snort.|
| -K ASCII | Log packets in ASCII format |
| -r | Filter dumped logs in Snort |
| -n | Specify the number of packets that will be read |</p>
<h3 id="ids-and-ips">IDS and IPS</h3>
<ul>
<li>Output is an alert file along an optional log file </li>
</ul>
<p>| Parameter | Description |
|-----------|-------------|
| -c | Defining the configuration file |
| -T | Testing the configuration file |
| -N | Disable logging |
| -D | Background mode |
| -A | Alert modes; <strong>full</strong>: all possible info about alerts, default mode; <strong>fast</strong> : alert message, timestamp, source and destination IP, port numbers. <strong>console</strong>: Provides fast style alerts on the console screen. <strong>cmg</strong>: CMG style, basic header details with payload in hex and text format. <strong>none</strong>: Disabling alerting |</p>
<ul>
<li>Rules found in <code>/etc/snort/rules/local.rules</code></li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>alert icmp any any &lt;&gt; any any <span class="o">(</span>msg: <span class="s2">&quot;ICMP Packet Found&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> sid: <span class="m">100001</span><span class="p">;</span> rev:1<span class="p">;</span><span class="o">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="pcaps">PCAPs</h3>
<ul>
<li><code>snort -c &lt;configfile&gt; -r file.pcap -A console -n &lt;number of packets&gt;</code></li>
<li><code>snort -c &lt;configfile&gt; --pcap-list="file1.pcap file2.pcap" -A console -l .</code></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="rules">Rules</h2>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>snort -c /etc/snort/rules/local.rules -A console
snort -c /etc/snort/rules/local.rules -A full
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Every rule has an IP source and destination, as well as a port for every endpoint</li>
<li>
<p>General, payload and non payload rules</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Direction of the packet</p>
<ul>
<li><code>-&gt;</code> to destination </li>
<li><code>&lt;&gt;</code> bidirectional</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>IDS -&gt; <code>alert</code></p>
</li>
<li>IPS -&gt; <code>reject</code></li>
</ul>
<p><code>&lt;action&gt; &lt;protocol&gt; &lt;ip.src&gt; &lt;src.port&gt; &lt;&gt; &lt;ip.dst&gt; &lt;dst.port&gt;(msg: "&lt;msg&gt;; &lt;reference&gt;; &lt;ruleID&gt;;&lt;revision info&gt;</code></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Actions</p>
<ul>
<li><code>alert</code></li>
<li><code>log</code></li>
<li><code>drop</code></li>
<li><code>reject</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>SID rule IDs</p>
<ul>
<li>&lt; 100 reserved rules</li>
<li>100 - 999,999 rules of the build</li>
<li>
<blockquote>
<p>= 1,000,000 user rules</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Reference may be a CVE</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Revisions are versionings of the rule</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Filter address range via CIDR</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>alert icmp <span class="m">192</span>.168.1.0/24 any &lt;&gt; any any <span class="o">(</span>msg: <span class="s2">&quot;ICMP Packet Found&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> sid: <span class="m">100001</span><span class="p">;</span> rev:1<span class="p">;</span><span class="o">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Filter multiple address ranges</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>alert icmp <span class="o">[</span><span class="m">192</span>.168.1.0/24, <span class="m">10</span>.1.1.0/24<span class="o">]</span> any &lt;&gt; any any <span class="o">(</span>msg: <span class="s2">&quot;ICMP Packet Found&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> sid: <span class="m">100001</span><span class="p">;</span> rev:1<span class="p">;</span><span class="o">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Exlude via <code>!10.10.0.1</code></li>
<li>Filter via any and ports between 4712 and 8080</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>alert icmp any <span class="m">4711</span>,8080: &lt;&gt; any any <span class="o">(</span>msg: <span class="s2">&quot;TCP Packet Found&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> sid: <span class="m">100001</span><span class="p">;</span> rev:1<span class="p">;</span><span class="o">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="detection-rules">Detection Rules</h3>
<ul>
<li><code>/etc/snort/rules/local.rules</code></li>
<li>ASCII or gex mode </li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>ASCII mode - alert tcp any any -&gt; any <span class="m">8080</span> <span class="o">(</span>msg: <span class="s2">&quot;GET Request Found&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> content:<span class="s2">&quot;GET&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>content: <span class="s2">&quot;/foo&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> sid: <span class="m">100001</span><span class="p">;</span> rev:1<span class="p">;</span><span class="o">)</span>
alert tcp any any -&gt; any <span class="m">8080</span> <span class="o">(</span>msg: <span class="s2">&quot;GET Request Found&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> content:<span class="s2">&quot;|47 45 54|&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> sid: <span class="m">100001</span><span class="p">;</span> rev:1<span class="p">;</span><span class="o">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Case insensitiv</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>alert tcp any any -&gt; any <span class="m">8080</span> <span class="o">(</span>msg: <span class="s2">&quot;GET Request Found&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> content:<span class="s2">&quot;GET&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> nocase<span class="p">;</span> sid: <span class="m">100001</span><span class="p">;</span> rev:1<span class="p">;</span><span class="o">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Fast pattern</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>alert tcp any any &lt;&gt; any <span class="m">80</span> <span class="o">(</span>msg: <span class="s2">&quot;GET Request Found&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> content:<span class="s2">&quot;GET&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> fast_pattern<span class="p">;</span> content:<span class="s2">&quot;www&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> sid:100001<span class="p">;</span> rev:1<span class="p">;</span><span class="o">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Non payload detection rules<ul>
<li>TCP flags, <code>flags: F,S,A,R,P,U</code></li>
<li>Payload size, <code>dsize:min&lt;&gt;max</code></li>
<li>SameIP, <code>alert ip any any &lt;&gt; any any (msg: "SAME-IP TEST"; sameip; sid: 100001; rev:1;)</code></li>
<li>Packet IDs, <code>id: 4711</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<p></p>
<center>
&copy; Stefan Friese
</center>
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// // Remember to include Fuse.js before this script.
//
// var fuse = new Fuse(posts, {
// keys: ['title', 'tags', 'content'] // What we're searching
// });
//
// // Run the search
// var results = fuse.search(value);
// //console.log(results);
//
// // Generate markup for the posts, implement SearchResults however you want.
// // var $results = SearchResults(results);
//
// // Add the element to the empty <div> from before.
//// $('#searchResults').append($results);
// });
//}
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/MathJax.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML" type="text/javascript"></script>
</script>
<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">
MathJax.Hub.Config({
config: ["MMLorHTML.js"],
jax: ["input/TeX", "output/HTML-CSS", "output/NativeMML"],
extensions: ["MathMenu.js", "MathZoom.js"]
});
</script>
</body>
</html>