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< ul > < details id = enumeration ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Enumeration< / summary > < ul > < details id = containers ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Containers< / summary > < ul > < / ul > < / details > < details id = docs ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Docs< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/aws.html" > aws< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/cewl.html" > cewl< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/dns.html" > dns< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/docker_enumeration.html" > docker_enumeration< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/ffuf.html" > ffuf< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/gobuster.html" > gobuster< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/kerberoast.html" > kerberoast< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/kubectl.html" > kubectl< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/ldap.html" > ldap< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/linux_basics.html" > linux_basics< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/microk8s.html" > microk8s< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/nfs.html" > nfs< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/nikto.html" > nikto< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/nmap.html" > nmap< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/port_knocking.html" > port_knocking< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/rpcclient.html" > rpcclient< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/rsync.html" > rsync< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/rustscan.html" > rustscan< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/shodan.html" > shodan< / a > < / li > < details id = snmp ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Snmp< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/snmp/onesixtyone.html" > onesixtyone< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/snmp/snmpcheck.html" > snmpcheck< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/websites.html" > websites< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/wfuzz.html" > wfuzz< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/wpscan.html" > wpscan< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < details id = network_scanners ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Network_scanners< / summary > < ul > < / ul > < / details > < details id = windows ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Windows< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/bloodhound.html" > bloodhound< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/event_log.html" > event_log< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/manual_enum.html" > manual_enum< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/powershell.html" > powershell< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/rpcclient.html" > rpcclient< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/sysinternals.html" > sysinternals< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/sysmon.html" > sysmon< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/vss.html" > vss< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < / ul > < / details > < details id = exploit ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Exploit< / summary > < ul > < details id = CPUs ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > CPUs< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/exploit/CPUs/meltdown.html" > meltdown< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < details id = binaries ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Binaries< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/Shellcode.html" > Shellcode< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/aslr.html" > aslr< / a > < / li > < details id = buffer_overflow ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Buffer_overflow< / summary > < ul > < details id = docs ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Docs< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/amd64.html" > amd64< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/amd64_instructions.html" > amd64_instructions< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/buffer_overflow.html" > buffer_overflow< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/cut_stack_in_half.html" > cut_stack_in_half< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/pwntools_specifics.html" > pwntools_specifics< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/ret_address_reuse.html" > ret_address_reuse< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/ropping.html" > ropping< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < details id = canary_bypass ontoggle = "l
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< div class = "column column-3" >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "#amd64-instructions" > amd64 instructions< / a > < ul >
< li > < a href = "#values" > Values< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#move" > Move< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#arithmetic" > Arithmetic< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#conditionals" > Conditionals< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#address-handling" > Address Handling< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#zero-handling-in-registers" > Zero Handling in Registers< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#jumps" > Jumps< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#flags" > Flags< / a > < ul >
< li > < a href = "#status" > Status< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > < a href = "#calling-conventions" > Calling Conventions< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#cdecl" > cdecl< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#fastcall" > fastcall< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< h1 id = "amd64-instructions" > amd64 instructions< / h1 >
< ul >
< li > < code > ;< / code > starts a comment< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "values" > Values< / h2 >
< ul >
< li > < strong > Immediate< / strong > , numbers< / li >
< li > < strong > register< / strong > , existing registers< / li >
< li > < strong > memory< / strong > , memory addresses< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "move" > Move< / h2 >
< ul >
< li > < code > MOV< / code > , from source to destination< / li >
< li > < code > LEA< / code > , loads memory address and stores it in the destination. Address can have an offset. Does not dereference < code > [var]< / code > or < code > [var+x]< / code > < / li >
< li > < code > PUSH< / code > & < code > POP< / code > , put & delete registers to/from stack.< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "arithmetic" > Arithmetic< / h2 >
< ul >
< li > < code > INC< / code > , increment< / li >
< li > < code > DEC< / code > , decrement< / li >
< li > < code > ADD< / code > < / li >
< li > < code > SUB< / code > , substracts source from dest and stores in dest< / li >
< li > < code > MUL< / code > & < code > IMUL< / code > , result may be stored in upper and lower halfs (rdx:rax)< / li >
< li > < code > DIV< / code > & < code > IDIV< / code > , rax is divided by rbx and may be stored in two halfs as well< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "conditionals" > Conditionals< / h2 >
< ul >
< li > < code > RET< / code > , return value to the caller< / li >
< li > < code > CMP< / code > , compare two values and sets flag. Next instruction is a jump condition to a line number. Works as follows< ul >
< li > < code > JE< / code > , < code > JEZ< / code > , < code > JLE< / code > ... followed by linenumber< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > < code > NOP< / code > , < code > \x90< / code > < / li >
< li > < code > CALL< / code > a function< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "address-handling" > Address Handling< / h2 >
< ul >
< li > < code > [var]< / code > , memory address of var.< ul >
< li > If var contains an address then after < code > mov [var], 42< / code > var points to the value 42. < code > [< / code > dereference.< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "zero-handling-in-registers" > Zero Handling in Registers< / h2 >
< ul >
< li > Move to < code > eax< / code > will result in zeroing the upper 32 bit of an < code > rax< / code > register, move to < code > ax< / code > , < code > ah< / code > , < code > al< / code > will not.< / li >
< li > < code > MOVZX< / code > zeros anything but the value moved to the register inside of it.< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "jumps" > Jumps< / h2 >
< ul >
< li >
< p > For signed value comparison< / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > JL/JNGE< / code > (SF < > OF) ; Jump if less/not greater or equal< / li >
< li > < code > JGE/JNL< / code > (SF = OF) ; Jump if greater or equal/not less< / li >
< li > < code > JLE/JNG< / code > (ZF = 1 or SF < > OF); Jump if less or equal/not greater< / li >
< li > < code > JG/JNLE< / code > (ZF = 0 and SF = OF); Jump if greater/not less or equal< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li >
< p > For unsigned value comparison< / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > JB/JNAE< / code > (CF = 1) ; Jump if below/not above or equal< / li >
< li > < code > JAE/JNB< / code > (CF = 0) ; Jump if above or equal/not below< / li >
< li > < code > JBE/JNA< / code > (CF = 1 or ZF = 1) ; Jump if below or equal/not above< / li >
< li > < code > JA/JNBE< / code > (CF = 0 and ZF = 0); Jump if above/not below or equal< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "flags" > Flags< / h2 >
< ul >
< li > < code > eflags< / code > 32bit< / li >
< li > < code > rflags< / code > 64bit< / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "status" > Status< / h3 >
< ul >
< li > < strong > Zero Flag< / strong > (ZF), 1 if the result of the comparison is equal.< / li >
< li > < strong > Carry Flag< / strong > (CF), a 1 is stored if a carry is needed after a calculation.< / li >
< li > < strong > Overflow Flag< / strong > (OF), register overflow is 1< / li >
< li > < strong > Sign Flag< / strong > (SF), 1 if result is negative.< / li >
< li > < strong > Adjust/Auxiliary Flag< / strong > (AF), carry flag for BCD.< / li >
< li > < strong > Parity Flag< / strong > (PF), 1 if the last 8 bits are even.< / li >
< li > < strong > Trap Flag< / strong > (TF)< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "calling-conventions" > Calling Conventions< / h2 >
< h2 id = "cdecl" > cdecl< / h2 >
< h2 id = "fastcall" > fastcall< / h2 >
< ul >
< li > First four are passed < strong > left to right< / strong > < / li >
< li > int -> RCX, RDX, R8, R9< / li >
< li > float -> XMM0, XMM1, XMM2, XMM3< / li >
< li > Rest is < strong > right to left< / strong > < / li >
< li > Basepointer is saved by the caller< / li >
< li > Return values is passes via < code > rax< / code > or < code > xmm0< / code > < / li >
< li > Caller allocates space for at least four values, so 32 bytes are reserved. < code > $rsp to $rsp+0x18< / code > < / li >
< li > Volatile registers are < code > rax, rcx, r8, r9, r10, r11, xmm0, xmm1, xmm2, xmm3, xmm4, xmm5< / code > . These are destroyed after function call.< / li >
< li > Nonvolatile registers are < code > rbx, rbp, rdi, rsi, rsp, r12, r13, r14, r15, xmm6-15< / code > ares saved and restored after function call.< / li >
< / ul >
< / span >
< / div >
< / div >
< div id = "footer" >
< p > < / p >
< center >
© Stefan Friese
< / center >
< / div >
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