149 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
149 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
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# Application Escape and Breakout
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## Summary
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* [Gaining a command shell](#gaining-a-command-shell)
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* [Sticky Keys](#sticky-keys)
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* [Dialog Boxes](#dialog-boxes)
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* [Creating new files](#creating-new-files)
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* [Open a new Windows Explorer instance](#open-a-new-windows-explorer-instance)
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* [Exploring Context Menus](#exploring-context-menus)
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* [Save as](#save-as)
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* [Input Boxes](#input-boxes)
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* [Bypass file restrictions](#bypass-file-restrictions)
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* [Internet Explorer](#internet-explorer)
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* [Shell URI Handlers](#shell-uri-handlers)
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* [References](#references)
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## Gaining a command shell
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* **Shortcut**
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* [Window] + [R] -> cmd
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* [CTRL] + [SHIFT] + [ESC] -> Task Manager
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* [CTRL] + [ALT] + [DELETE] -> Task Manager
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* **Access through file browser**: Browsing to the folder containing the binary (i.e. `C:\windows\system32\`), we can simply right click and `open` it
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* **Drag-and-drop**: dragging and dropping any file onto the cmd.exe
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* **Hyperlink**: `file:///c:/Windows/System32/cmd.exe`
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* **Task Manager**: `File` > `New Task (Run...)` > `cmd`
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* **MSPAINT.exe**
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* Open MSPaint.exe and set the canvas size to: Width=6 and Height=1 pixels
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* Zoom in to make the following tasks easier
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* Using the colour picker, set pixels values to (from left to right):
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* 1st: R: 10, G: 0, B: 0
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* 2nd: R: 13, G: 10, B: 13
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* 3rd: R: 100, G: 109, B: 99
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* 4th: R: 120, G: 101, B: 46
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* 5th: R: 0, G: 0, B: 101
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* 6th: R: 0, G: 0, B: 0
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* Save it as 24-bit Bitmap (*.bmp;*.dib)
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* Change its extension from bmp to bat and run
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## Sticky Keys
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* Spawn the sticky keys dialog
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* Via Shell URI : `shell:::{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}`
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* Hit 5 times [SHIFT]
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* Visit "Ease of Access Center"
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* You land on "Setup Sticky Keys", move up a level on "Ease of Access Center"
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* Start the OSK (On-Screen-Keyboard)
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* You can now use the keyboard shortcut (CTRL+N)
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## Dialog Boxes
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### Creating new files
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* Batch files – Right click > New > Text File > rename to .BAT (or .CMD) > edit > open
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* Shortcuts – Right click > New > Shortcut > `%WINDIR%\system32`
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## Open a new Windows Explorer instance
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* Right click any folder > select `Open in new window`
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## Exploring Context Menus
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* Right click any file/folder and explore context menus
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* Clicking `Properties`, especially on shortcuts, can yield further access via `Open File Location`
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### Save as
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* "Save as" / "Open as" option
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* "Print" feature – selecting "print to file" option (XPS/PDF/etc)
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* `\\127.0.0.1\c$\Windows\System32\` and execute `cmd.exe`
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### Input Boxes
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Many input boxes accept file paths; try all inputs with UNC paths such as `//attacker–pc/` or `//127.0.0.1/c$` or `C:\`
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### Bypass file restrictions
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Enter *.* or *.exe or similar in `File name` box
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## Internet Explorer
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### Download and Run/Open
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* Text files -> opened by Notepad
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### Menus
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* The address bar
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* Search menus
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* Help menus
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* Print menus
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* All other menus that provide dialog boxes
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### Accessing filesystem
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Enter these paths in the address bar:
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* file://C:/windows
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* C:/windows/
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* %HOMEDRIVE%
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* \\127.0.0.1\c$\Windows\System32
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### Unassociated Protocols
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It is possible to escape a browser based kiosk with other protocols than usual `http` or `https`.
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If you have access to the address bar, you can use any known protocol (`irc`, `ftp`, `telnet`, `mailto`, etc.)
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to trigger the *open with* prompt and select a program installed on the host.
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The program will than be launched with the uri as a parameter, you need to select a program that will not crash when recieving it.
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It is possible to send multiple parameters to the program by adding spaces in your uri.
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Note: This technique required that the protocol used is not already associated with a program.
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Example - Launching Firefox with a custom profile:
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This is a nice trick since Firefox launched with the custom profile may not be as much hardened as the default profile.
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0. Firefox need to be installed.
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1. Enter the following uri in the address bar: `irc://127.0.0.1 -P "Test"`
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2. Press enter to navigate to the uri.
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3. Select the firefox program.
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4. Firefox will be launched with the profile `Test`.
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In this example, it's the equivalent of running the following command:
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```
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firefox irc://127.0.0.1 -P "Test"
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```
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## Shell URI Handlers
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* shell:DocumentsLibrary
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* shell:Librariesshell:UserProfiles
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* shell:Personal
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* shell:SearchHomeFolder
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* shell:System shell:NetworkPlacesFolder
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* shell:SendTo
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* shell:Common Administrative Tools
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* shell:MyComputerFolder
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* shell:InternetFolder
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## References
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* [PentestPartners - Breaking out of Citrix and other restricted desktop environments](https://www.pentestpartners.com/security-blog/breaking-out-of-citrix-and-other-restricted-desktop-environments/)
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* [Breaking Out! of Applications Deployed via Terminal Services, Citrix, and Kiosks - Scott Sutherland - May 22nd, 2013](https://blog.netspi.com/breaking-out-of-applications-deployed-via-terminal-services-citrix-and-kiosks/)
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* [Escaping from KIOSKs - HackTricks](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/physical-attacks/escaping-from-gui-applications)
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