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Splunk Writeup

earching for values, it's fairly typical within security to look for uncommon events. What command can we include within our search to find these?

Can you dig it?

Splunk queries always begin with this command implicitly unless otherwise specified. What command is this? When performing additional queries to refine received data this command must be added at the start. This is a prime example of a slight trick question.

search

When searching for values, it's fairly typical within security to look for uncommon events. What command can we include within our search to find these?

rare

What about the inverse? What if we want the most common security event?

top

When we import data into splunk, what is it stored under?

index

We can create 'views' that allow us to consistently pull up the same search over and over again; what are these called?

dashboard

Importing data doesn't always go as planned and we can sometimes end up with multiple copies of the same data, what command do we include in our search to remove these copies?

dedup

Splunk can be used for more than just a SIEM and it's commonly used in marketing to track things such as how long a shopping trip on a website lasts from start to finish. What command can we include in our search to track how long these event pairs take?

transaction

In a manner similar to Linux, we can 'pipe' search results into further commands, what character do we use for this?

In performing data analytics with Splunk (ironically what the tool is at it's core) it's useful to track occurrences of events over time, what command do we include to plot this?

timechart

What about if we want to gather general statistical information about a search?

stats

Data imported into Splunk is categorized into columns called what?

fields

When we import data into Splunk we can view it's point of origination, what is this called? I'm looking for the machine aspect of this here.

host

When we import data into Splunk we can view its point of origination from within a system, what is this called?

source

We can classify these points of origination and group them all together, viewing them as their specific type. What is this called? Use the syntax found within the search query rather than the proper name for this.

sourcetype

When performing functions on data we are searching through we use a specific command prior to the evaluation itself, what is this command?

eval

Love it or hate it regular expression is a massive component to Splunk, what command do we use to specific regex within a search?

rex

It's fairly common to create subsets and specific views for less technical Splunk users, what are these called?

pivot table

What is the proper name of the time date field in Splunk

_time

How do I specifically include only the first few values found within my search?

head

More useful than you would otherwise imagine, how do I flip the order that results are returned in?

reverse

When viewing search results, it's often useful to rename fields using user-provided tables of values. What command do we include within a search to do this?

lookup

We can collect events into specific time frames to be used in further processing. What command do we include within a search to do just that?

bucket

We can also define data into specific sections of time to be used within chart commands, what command do we use to set these lengths of time? This is different from the previous question as we are no longer collecting for further processing.

span

When producing statistics regarding a search it's common to number the occurrences of an event, what command do we include to do this?

count

Last but not least, what is the website where you can find the Splunk apps at?

splunkbase.splunk.com

We can also add new features into Splunk, what are these called?

apps

What does SOC stand for?

Security Operation Center

What does SIEM stand for?

Security Information and Event Management

How about BOTS?

Boss of the SOC

And CIM?

Common Information Model

what is the website where you can find the Splunk forums at?

community.splunk.com

BOTS

Website

Halp, I'm drowning in logs!

Lockheed Martin's killchain

Reconnaissance
Weaponization
Delivery
Exploitation
Installation
Command & Control
Action on Objectives

Advanced Persistent Threat

What IP is scanning our web server?

index=botsv1 imreallynotbatman.com sourcetype="stream:http" | top src_ip

40.80.148.42

What web scanner scanned the server?

index=botsv1 imreallynotbatman.com src_ip=40.80.148.42 sourcetype=stream:http | stats count by http_user_agent

Acunetix

What is the IP address of our web server?

index=botsv1 imreallynotbatman.com src_ip=40.80.148.42 sourcetype=stream:http | stats count by dest_ip

192.168.250.70

What content management system is imreallynotbatman.com using?

index=botsv1 imreallynotbatman.com src_ip=40.80.148.42 sourcetype=stream:http dest=192.168.250.70 | stats count by uri | sort - count

joomla

What address is performing the brute-forcing attack against our website?

index=botsv1 sourcetype=stream:http dest=192.168.250.70 form_data=*username*passwd* | stats count by http_method, src_ip

23.22.63.114

What was the first password attempted in the attack?

index=botsv1 sourcetype=stream:http dest=192.168.250.70 src=23.22.63.114 form_data=*username*passwd* | table form_data | sort _time | reverse

12345678

One of the passwords in the brute force attack is James Brodsky's favorite Coldplay song. Which six character song is it?

index=botsv1 sourcetype=stream:http form_data=*username*passwd* | rex field=form_data "passwd=(?<userpassword>\w+)" | eval lenpword=len(userpassword) | search lenpword=6 | eval password=lower(userpassword) | lookup coldplay.csv song as password OUTPUTNEW song | search song=* | table song password

yellow

What was the correct password for admin access to the content management system running imreallynotbatman.com?

index=botsv1 sourcetype=stream:http form_data=*username*passwd* dest_ip=192.168.250.70 | rex field=form_data "passwd=(?<userpassword>\w+)" | stats count by userpassword | sort - count

batman

What was the average password length used in the password brute forcing attempt rounded to closest whole integer?

index=botsv1 sourcetype=stream:http form_data=*username*passwd* dest_ip=192.168.250.70 | rex field=form_data "passwd=(?<userpassword>\w+)" | eval plen=len(userpassword) | stats avg(plen) as alen | eval alen=round(alen,0)

How many seconds elapsed between the time the brute force password scan identified the correct password and the compromised login rounded to 2 decimal places?

index=botsv1 sourcetype=stream:http | rex field=form_data "passwd=(?<userpassword>\w+)" | search userpassword=batman | transaction userpassword | table duration

92.17

How many unique passwords were attempted in the brute force attempt?

index=botsv1 sourcetype=stream:http form_data=*username*passwd* | rex field=form_data "passwd=(?<userpassword>\w+)" | stats dc(userpassword)

What is the name of the executable uploaded by P01s0n1vy?

index=botsv1 sourcetype=suricata dest_ip="192.168.250.70" http.http_method=POST .exe | table filename

3791.exe

What is the MD5 hash of the executable uploaded?

index=botsv1 3791.exe CommandLine=3791.exe | stats values(MD5)

AAE3F5A29935E6ABCC2C2754D12A9AF0

What is the name of the file that defaced the imreallynotbatman.com website?

index=botsv1 sourcetype=fgt_utm "192.168.250.70" NOT dest="192.168.250.70"| top limit=5 url

poisonivy-is-coming-for-you-batman.jpeg

This attack used dynamic DNS to resolve to the malicious IP. What fully qualified domain name (FQDN) is associated with this attack?

index=botsv1 sourcetype=fgt_utm "poisonivy-is-coming-for-you-batman.jpeg" | stats count by hostname

prankglassinebracket.jumpingcrab.com

What IP address has P01s0n1vy tied to domains that are pre-staged to attack Wayne Enterprises?

index=botsv1 sourcetype=fgt_utm "poisonivy-is-coming-for-you-batman.jpeg" | table hostname, dstip

23.22.63.114

Based on the data gathered from this attack and common open source intelligence sources for domain names, what is the email address that is most likely associated with P01s0n1vy APT group?

The registrant email has changed by now. I had to cheese this one.

lillian.rose@po1s0n1vy.com

GCPD reported that common TTPs (Tactics, Techniques, Procedures) for the P01s0n1vy APT group if initial compromise fails is to send a spear phishing email with custom malware attached to their intended target. This malware is usually connected to P01s0n1vy’s initial attack infrastructure. Using research techniques, provide the SHA256 hash of this malware.

Querying on threadminer.org for the IP will return three MD5 checksums. Pasting the first one into virustotal search engine yields 3971.exe as an answer. The second one cannot be found by virustotal. This leaves us with the last one, which is the correct answer.

9709473ab351387aab9e816eff3910b9f28a7a70202e250ed46dba8f820f34a8

What special hex code is associated with the customized malware discussed in the previous question?

While still on the virustotal page, take a look inside the comments.

53 74 65 76 65 20 42 72 61 6e 74 27 73 20 42 65 61 72 64 20 69 73 20 61 20 70 6f 77 65 72 66 75 6c 20 74 68 69 6e 67 2e 20 46 69 6e 64 20 74 68 69 73 20 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 20 61 6e 64 20 61 73 6b 20 68 69 6d 20 74 6f 20 62 75 79 20 79 6f 75 20 61 20 62 65 65 72 21 21 21

What does this hex code decode to?

echo "53 74 65 76 65 20 42 72 61 6e 74 27 73 20 42 65 61 72 64 20 69 73 20 61 20 70 6f 77 65 72 66 75 6c 20 74 68 69 6e 67 2e 20 46 69 6e 64 20 74 68 69 73 20 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 20 61 6e 64 20 61 73 6b 20 68 69 6d 20 74 6f 20 62 75 79 20 79 6f 75 20 61 20 62 65 65 72 21 21 21" | xxd -r -p

```
Steve Brant's Beard is a powerful thing. Find this message and ask him to buy you a beer!!!
```

Ransomware

What was the most likely IP address of we8105desk on 24AUG2016?

Query

index=botsv1 we8105desk source=stream:smb 
| stats count by dest_ip

Answer

192.168.250.100

What is the name of the USB key inserted by Bob Smith?

Query

index=botsv1 sourcetype=winregistry friendlyname 
| table host object data

Answer

MIRANDA_PRI

fter the USB insertion, a file execution occurs that is the initial Cerber infection. This file execution creates two additional processes. What is the name of the file?

Query

index=botsv1 sourcetype=XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational host=we8105desk (CommandLine="*d:\\*" OR ParentCommandLine="*d:\\*") 
| table _time CommandLine ParentCommandLine 
| sort _time

Answer

Miranda_Tate_unveiled.dotm

During the initial Cerber infection a VB script is run. The entire script from this execution, pre-pended by the name of the launching .exe, can be found in a field in Splunk. What is the length in characters of this field?

Query

index=botsv1 sourcetype=XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational *.exe CommandLine=* host=we8105desk EventCode=1 
| eval length=len(CommandLine) 
| table CommandLine length 
| sort - length

Answer

Bob Smith's workstation (we8105desk) was connected to a file server during the ransomware outbreak. What is the IP address of the file server?

Query

index=botsv1 sourcetype="XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational" 192.168.250.20 host=we9041srv 
| table SourceIp

Answer

192.168.250.20

What was the first suspicious domain visited by we8105desk on 24AUG2016?

Query

index=botsv1  source=stream:dns date_mday=24 date_month="august" src=192.168.250.100 record_type=A 
| table query _time
| sort _time

Answer

solidaritedeproximite.org

The malware downloads a file that contains the Cerber ransomware cryptor code. What is the name of that file?

Query

index=botsv1  source=stream:http date_mday=24 date_month="august" src=192.168.250.100 url=* 
| stats count values(url) by dest

Answer

mhtr.jpg

What is the parent process ID of 121214.tmp?

Query

Index=botsv1 sourcetype=XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational 121214.tmp CommandLine=* | table CommandLine ProcessId ParentProcessId ParentCommandLine |reverse

Answer

Amongst the Suricata signatures that detected the Cerber malware, which signature ID alerted the fewest number of times?

Answer

The Cerber ransomware encrypts files located in Bob Smith's Windows profile. How many .txt files does it encrypt?

Query

index=botsv1 sourcetype=XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational host=we8105desk EventCode=2 TargetFilename="C:\\Users\\bob.smith.WAYNECORPINC\\*.txt" 
| stats dc(TargetFilename)

Answer

How many distinct PDFs did the ransomware encrypt on the remote file server?

Query

index=botsv1 sourcetype=*win* pdf dest=we9041srv.waynecorpinc.local Source_Address=192.168.250.100 | stats dc(Relative_Target_Name)

Answer

What fully qualified domain name (FQDN) does the Cerber ransomware attempt to direct the user to at the end of its encryption phase?

Query

index=botsv1 sourcetype=stream:DNS src=192.168.250.100 record_type=A NOT (query{}=*.microsoft.com OR query{}=*.waynecorpinc.local OR query{}=*.bing.com OR query{}=isatap OR query{}=wpad OR query{}=*.windows.com OR query{}=*.msftncsi.com) | table _time query{} src dest

Answer

cerberhhyed5frqa.xmfir0.win

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